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אָח (ach)

ach

brother: male-sibling

H0251 · Hebrew · Old Testament · 531 verses

H:N-M

Quick Reference

Language
Biblical Hebrew
Testament
Old Testament
Occurrences
531 verses
Root
—
Part of speech
H:N-M

Word Overview

The Hebrew noun ach designates a male sibling, serving as the standard term for a brother born of the same parents. Its usage extends beyond immediate family to include half-brothers sharing only a father, or even distant kin and members of the same tribe. This broad scope allows it to describe any close male relationship within the community structure.

Scripture frequently employs ach to highlight reciprocal bonds or shared identity. In Genesis 4:9, Cain’s defiant question, "Am I my brother's keeper?", uses the term to underscore the fundamental responsibility one person holds toward another. The word also appears in phrases indicating resemblance or likeness, reflecting a metaphorical affinity.

As a primitive root, ach carries significant weight in biblical narratives concerning family dynamics and tribal unity. Translators typically render it simply as "brother," though the Hebrew concept encompasses a wider circle of kinship than the English word often implies today. Its presence in names like Ahimelech signals this deep familial connection from birth.

Based on public-domain lexicons (Strong's, Thayer, Gesenius, Brown-Driver-Briggs and others).

What This Word Means for Your Faith

The Hebrew word ach points to a bond that is both biological and deeply relational. While it literally means a male sibling, its usage in Scripture often stretches to include half-brothers, distant kin, or even members of the same tribe. This broad definition reminds us that our connections to others are not limited by immediate family ties but extend into the wider community of faith.

Genesis 4:9 captures the weight of this relationship when God asks Cain, "Where is Abel, your brother?" The question exposes a failure to recognize shared humanity and responsibility. We are called to acknowledge that we are keepers of one another, reflecting a design where care for others is woven into the fabric of human existence.

When we view our neighbors through this lens, relationships shift from transactional to familial. Recognizing the ach bond invites us to act with integrity and protection toward those around us, mirroring the divine expectation that we honor the sacred ties that bind us together in community.

How it's translated

How this word is rendered word-by-word in the 531 verses where it appears, by frequency.

  • brother/ his75×
  • brothers/ his63×
  • brother/ your55×
  • and/ relatives/ his39×
  • [the] brother of34×
  • brothers/ your18×
  • relatives/ their17×
  • and/ brothers/ his14×
  • brothers/ their13×
  • [the] brothers of13×
  • brothers12×
  • countrymen/ your10×

Forms in the text

The inflected forms of this word as they appear in Scripture, by frequency.

  • וְ/אֶחָ֖י/ו28×
  • אֶחָ֖י/ו17×
  • אָחִ֖י/ךָ15×
  • אָחִ֔י/ו15×
  • אָחִ֖י/ו14×
  • אָחִ֑י/ו13×
  • אֶחָ֔י/ו13×
  • אֲחִ֣י13×
  • אֶחָי/ו֙12×
  • אָחִֽי/ו\׃10×
  • אֶחָ֑י/ו10×
  • אֲחִ֥י9×

Key Verses

  • Genesis 4:9
    Yahweh said to Cain, “Where is Abel, your brother?” He said, “I don’t know. Am I my brother’s keeper?”

    God uses this term to confront Cain with his moral responsibility toward Abel, highlighting that kinship entails accountability.

  • Genesis 4:8
    Cain said to Abel, his brother, “Let’s go into the field.” While they were in the field, Cain rose up against Abel, his brother, and killed him.

    The narrative explicitly identifies the victims as brothers before describing the violence, emphasizing the betrayal of a close familial bond.

  • Genesis 13:8
    Abram said to Lot, “Please, let there be no strife between you and me, and between your herdsmen and my herdsmen; for we are relatives.

    Abram appeals to their shared identity as relatives to resolve conflict with Lot, showing how this term grounds peaceful coexistence.

  • Genesis 9:5
    I will surely require accounting for your life’s blood. At the hand of every animal I will require it. At the hand of man, even at the hand of every man’s brother, I will require the life of man.

    God establishes justice for murder by noting that every man is accountable to his brother, extending the concept of kinship to all humanity.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the Hebrew word ach mean?

Ach is a noun that primarily means brother or male sibling. It refers to a full brother but can also describe half-brothers, distant relatives, or members of the same tribe.

How is ach different from other Hebrew words for kin?

While other terms like re'ah mean friend or companion, ach specifically denotes blood relation or tribal affiliation. It carries a stronger sense of inherent family obligation than general terms for associates.

Where does this word appear most often in the Bible?

It appears frequently in the early chapters of Genesis, such as in the stories of Cain and Abel, Noah’s sons, and Abraham’s family. It is also common in genealogies throughout the Old Testament.

Every Occurrence (531 verses across 32 books)

Genesis 150 verses
Genesis 4:2

Again she gave birth, to Cain’s brother Abel. Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground.

Genesis 4:8

Cain said to Abel, his brother, “Let’s go into the field.” While they were in the field, Cain rose up against Abel, his…

Genesis 4:9

Yahweh said to Cain, “Where is Abel, your brother?” He said, “I don’t know. Am I my brother’s keeper?”

Genesis 4:10

Yahweh said, “What have you done? The voice of your brother’s blood cries to me from the ground.

Genesis 4:11

Now you are cursed because of the ground, which has opened its mouth to receive your brother’s blood from your hand.

Genesis 4:21

His brother’s name was Jubal, who was the father of all who handle the harp and pipe.

Genesis 9:5

I will surely require accounting for your life’s blood. At the hand of every animal I will require it. At the hand of…

Genesis 9:22

Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brothers outside.

Genesis 9:25

He said, “Canaan is cursed. He will be a servant of servants to his brothers.”

Genesis 10:21

Children were also born to Shem (the elder brother of Japheth), the father of all the children of Eber.

Genesis 10:25

To Eber were born two sons. The name of the one was Peleg, for in his days the earth was divided. His brother’s name…

Genesis 12:5

Abram took Sarai his wife, Lot his brother’s son, all their possessions that they had gathered, and the people whom…

Genesis 13:8

Abram said to Lot, “Please, let there be no strife between you and me, and between your herdsmen and my herdsmen; for…

Genesis 13:11

So Lot chose the Plain of the Jordan for himself. Lot traveled east, and they separated themselves from one another.

Genesis 14:12

They took Lot, Abram’s brother’s son, who lived in Sodom, and his goods, and departed.

Genesis 14:13

One who had escaped came and told Abram, the Hebrew. At that time, he lived by the oaks of Mamre, the Amorite, brother…

Genesis 14:14

When Abram heard that his relative was taken captive, he led out his three hundred eighteen trained men, born in his…

Genesis 14:16

He brought back all the goods, and also brought back his relative Lot and his goods, and the women also, and the other…

Genesis 16:12

He will be like a wild donkey among men. His hand will be against every man, and every man’s hand against him. He will…

Genesis 19:7

He said, “Please, my brothers, don’t act so wickedly.

Genesis 20:5

Didn’t he tell me, ‘She is my sister’? She, even she herself, said, ‘He is my brother.’ I have done this in the…

Genesis 20:13

When God caused me to wander from my father’s house, I said to her, ‘This is your kindness which you shall show to me.…

Genesis 20:16

To Sarah he said, “Behold, I have given your brother a thousand pieces of silver. Behold, it is for you a covering of…

Genesis 22:20

After these things, Abraham was told, “Behold, Milcah, she also has borne children to your brother Nahor:

Genesis 22:21

Uz his firstborn, Buz his brother, Kemuel the father of Aram,

Genesis 22:23

Bethuel became the father of Rebekah. These eight Milcah bore to Nahor, Abraham’s brother.

Genesis 24:15

Before he had finished speaking, behold, Rebekah came out, who was born to Bethuel the son of Milcah, the wife of…

Genesis 24:27

He said, “Blessed be Yahweh, the God of my master Abraham, who has not forsaken his loving kindness and his truth…

Genesis 24:29

Rebekah had a brother, and his name was Laban. Laban ran out to the man, to the spring.

Genesis 24:48

I bowed my head, and worshiped Yahweh, and blessed Yahweh, the God of my master Abraham, who had led me in the right…

Genesis 24:53

The servant brought out jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and clothing, and gave them to Rebekah. He also gave…

Genesis 24:55

Her brother and her mother said, “Let the young lady stay with us a few days, at least ten. After that she will go.”

Genesis 25:18

They lived from Havilah to Shur that is before Egypt, as you go toward Assyria. He lived opposite all his relatives.

Genesis 25:26

After that, his brother came out, and his hand had hold on Esau’s heel. He was named Jacob. Isaac was sixty years old…

Genesis 26:31

They rose up some time in the morning, and swore an oath to one another. Isaac sent them away, and they departed from…

Genesis 27:6

Rebekah spoke to Jacob her son, saying, “Behold, I heard your father speak to Esau your brother, saying,

Genesis 27:11

Jacob said to Rebekah his mother, “Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy man, and I am a smooth man.

Genesis 27:23

He didn’t recognize him, because his hands were hairy, like his brother Esau’s hands. So he blessed him.

Genesis 27:29

Let peoples serve you, and nations bow down to you. Be lord over your brothers. Let your mother’s sons bow down to you.…

Genesis 27:30

As soon as Isaac had finished blessing Jacob, and Jacob had just gone out from the presence of Isaac his father, Esau…

Genesis 27:35

He said, “Your brother came with deceit, and has taken away your blessing.”

Genesis 27:37

Isaac answered Esau, “Behold, I have made him your lord, and all his brothers I have given to him for servants. I have…

Genesis 27:40

You will live by your sword, and you will serve your brother. It will happen, when you will break loose, that you will…

Genesis 27:41

Esau hated Jacob because of the blessing with which his father blessed him. Esau said in his heart, “The days of…

Genesis 27:42

The words of Esau, her elder son, were told to Rebekah. She sent and called Jacob, her younger son, and said to him,…

Genesis 27:43

Now therefore, my son, obey my voice. Arise, flee to Laban, my brother, in Haran.

Genesis 27:44

Stay with him a few days, until your brother’s fury turns away—

Genesis 27:45

until your brother’s anger turns away from you, and he forgets what you have done to him. Then I will send, and get you…

Genesis 28:2

Arise, go to Paddan Aram, to the house of Bethuel your mother’s father. Take a wife from there from the daughters of…

Genesis 28:5

Isaac sent Jacob away. He went to Paddan Aram to Laban, son of Bethuel the Syrian, the brother of Rebekah, Jacob’s and…

Genesis 29:4

Jacob said to them, “My relatives, where are you from?” They said, “We are from Haran.”

Genesis 29:10

When Jacob saw Rachel the daughter of Laban, his mother’s brother, and the sheep of Laban, his mother’s brother, Jacob…

Genesis 29:12

Jacob told Rachel that he was her father’s relative, and that he was Rebekah’s son. She ran and told her father.

Genesis 29:15

Laban said to Jacob, “Because you are my relative, should you therefore serve me for nothing? Tell me, what will your…

Genesis 31:23

He took his relatives with him, and pursued him seven days’ journey. He overtook him in the mountain of Gilead.

Genesis 31:25

Laban caught up with Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the mountain, and Laban with his relatives encamped in…

Genesis 31:32

Anyone you find your gods with shall not live. Before our relatives, discern what is yours with me, and take it.” For…

Genesis 31:37

Now that you have felt around in all my stuff, what have you found of all your household stuff? Set it here before my…

Genesis 31:46

Jacob said to his relatives, “Gather stones.” They took stones, and made a heap. They ate there by the heap.

Genesis 31:54

Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his relatives to eat bread. They ate bread, and stayed all night…

Genesis 33:3

He himself passed over in front of them, and bowed himself to the ground seven times, until he came near to his brother.

Genesis 33:9

Esau said, “I have enough, my brother; let that which you have be yours.”

Genesis 34:11

Shechem said to her father and to her brothers, “Let me find favor in your eyes, and whatever you will tell me I will…

Genesis 34:25

On the third day, when they were sore, two of Jacob’s sons, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brothers, each took his sword,…

Genesis 35:1

God said to Jacob, “Arise, go up to Bethel, and live there. Make there an altar to God, who appeared to you when you…

Genesis 35:7

He built an altar there, and called the place El Beth El; because there God was revealed to him, when he fled from the…

Genesis 36:6

Esau took his wives, his sons, his daughters, and all the members of his household, with his livestock, all his…

Genesis 37:2

This is the history of the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was feeding the flock with his…

Genesis 37:4

His brothers saw that their father loved him more than all his brothers, and they hated him, and couldn’t speak…

Genesis 37:5

Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told it to his brothers, and they hated him all the more.

Genesis 37:8

His brothers asked him, “Will you indeed reign over us? Will you indeed have dominion over us?” They hated him all the…

Genesis 37:9

He dreamed yet another dream, and told it to his brothers, and said, “Behold, I have dreamed yet another dream: and…

Genesis 37:10

He told it to his father and to his brothers. His father rebuked him, and said to him, “What is this dream that you…

Genesis 37:11

His brothers envied him, but his father kept this saying in mind.

Genesis 37:12

His brothers went to feed their father’s flock in Shechem.

Genesis 37:13

Israel said to Joseph, “Aren’t your brothers feeding the flock in Shechem? Come, and I will send you to them.” He said…

Genesis 37:14

He said to him, “Go now, see whether it is well with your brothers, and well with the flock; and bring me word again.”…

Genesis 37:16

He said, “I am looking for my brothers. Tell me, please, where they are feeding the flock.”

Genesis 37:17

The man said, “They have left here, for I heard them say, ‘Let’s go to Dothan.’” Joseph went after his brothers, and…

Genesis 37:19

They said to one another, “Behold, this dreamer comes.

Genesis 37:23

When Joseph came to his brothers, they stripped Joseph of his tunic, the tunic of many colors that was on him;

Genesis 37:26

Judah said to his brothers, “What profit is it if we kill our brother and conceal his blood?

Genesis 37:27

Come, and let’s sell him to the Ishmaelites, and not let our hand be on him; for he is our brother, our flesh.” His…

Genesis 37:30

He returned to his brothers, and said, “The child is no more; and I, where will I go?”

Genesis 38:1

At that time, Judah went down from his brothers, and visited a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.

Genesis 38:8

Judah said to Onan, “Go in to your brother’s wife, and perform the duty of a husband’s brother to her, and raise up…

Genesis 38:9

Onan knew that the offspring wouldn’t be his; and when he went in to his brother’s wife, he spilled his semen on the…

Genesis 38:11

Then Judah said to Tamar, his daughter-in-law, “Remain a widow in your father’s house, until Shelah, my son, is grown…

Genesis 38:29

As he drew back his hand, behold, his brother came out, and she said, “Why have you made a breach for yourself?”…

Genesis 38:30

Afterward his brother came out, who had the scarlet thread on his hand, and his name was called Zerah.

Genesis 42:3

Joseph’s ten brothers went down to buy grain from Egypt.

Genesis 42:4

But Jacob didn’t send Benjamin, Joseph’s brother, with his brothers; for he said, “Lest perhaps harm happen to him.”

Genesis 42:6

Joseph was the governor over the land. It was he who sold to all the people of the land. Joseph’s brothers came, and…

Genesis 42:7

Joseph saw his brothers, and he recognized them, but acted like a stranger to them, and spoke roughly with them. He…

Genesis 42:8

Joseph recognized his brothers, but they didn’t recognize him.

Genesis 42:13

They said, “We, your servants, are twelve brothers, the sons of one man in the land of Canaan; and behold, the youngest…

Genesis 42:15

By this you shall be tested. By the life of Pharaoh, you shall not go out from here, unless your youngest brother comes…

Genesis 42:16

Send one of you, and let him get your brother, and you shall be bound, that your words may be tested, whether there is…

Genesis 42:19

If you are honest men, then let one of your brothers be bound in your prison; but you go, carry grain for the famine of…

Genesis 42:20

Bring your youngest brother to me; so will your words be verified, and you won’t die.” They did so.

Genesis 42:21

They said to one another, “We are certainly guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the distress of his soul,…

Genesis 42:28

He said to his brothers, “My money is restored! Behold, it is in my sack!” Their hearts failed them, and they turned…

Genesis 42:32

We are twelve brothers, sons of our father; one is no more, and the youngest is today with our father in the land of…

Genesis 42:33

The man, the lord of the land, said to us, ‘By this I will know that you are honest men: leave one of your brothers…

Genesis 42:34

Bring your youngest brother to me. Then I will know that you are not spies, but that you are honest men. So I will…

Genesis 42:38

He said, “My son shall not go down with you; for his brother is dead, and he only is left. If harm happens to him along…

Genesis 43:3

Judah spoke to him, saying, “The man solemnly warned us, saying, ‘You shall not see my face, unless your brother is…

Genesis 43:4

If you’ll send our brother with us, we’ll go down and buy you food;

Genesis 43:5

but if you don’t send him, we won’t go down, for the man said to us, ‘You shall not see my face, unless your brother is…

Genesis 43:6

Israel said, “Why did you treat me so badly, telling the man that you had another brother?”

Genesis 43:7

They said, “The man asked directly concerning ourselves, and concerning our relatives, saying, ‘Is your father still…

Genesis 43:13

Take your brother also, get up, and return to the man.

Genesis 43:14

May God Almighty give you mercy before the man, that he may release to you your other brother and Benjamin. If I am…

Genesis 43:29

He lifted up his eyes, and saw Benjamin, his brother, his mother’s son, and said, “Is this your youngest brother, of…

Genesis 43:30

Joseph hurried, for his heart yearned over his brother; and he sought a place to weep. He entered into his room, and…

Genesis 44:14

Judah and his brothers came to Joseph’s house, and he was still there. They fell on the ground before him.

Genesis 44:19

My lord asked his servants, saying, ‘Have you a father, or a brother?’

Genesis 44:20

We said to my lord, ‘We have a father, an old man, and a child of his old age, a little one; and his brother is dead,…

Genesis 44:23

You said to your servants, ‘Unless your youngest brother comes down with you, you will see my face no more.’

Genesis 44:26

We said, ‘We can’t go down. If our youngest brother is with us, then we will go down: for we may not see the man’s…

Genesis 44:33

Now therefore, please let your servant stay instead of the boy, my lord’s slave; and let the boy go up with his…

Genesis 45:1

Then Joseph couldn’t control himself before all those who stood before him, and he called out, “Cause everyone to go…

Genesis 45:3

Joseph said to his brothers, “I am Joseph! Does my father still live?” His brothers couldn’t answer him; for they were…

Genesis 45:4

Joseph said to his brothers, “Come near to me, please.” They came near. He said, “I am Joseph, your brother, whom you…

Genesis 45:12

Behold, your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin, that it is my mouth that speaks to you.

Genesis 45:14

He fell on his brother Benjamin’s neck and wept, and Benjamin wept on his neck.

Genesis 45:15

He kissed all his brothers, and wept on them. After that his brothers talked with him.

Genesis 45:16

The report of it was heard in Pharaoh’s house, saying, “Joseph’s brothers have come.” It pleased Pharaoh well, and his…

Genesis 45:17

Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Tell your brothers, ‘Do this: Load your animals, and go, travel to the land of Canaan.

Genesis 45:24

So he sent his brothers away, and they departed. He said to them, “See that you don’t quarrel on the way.”

Genesis 46:31

Joseph said to his brothers, and to his father’s house, “I will go up, and speak with Pharaoh, and will tell him, ‘My…

Genesis 47:1

Then Joseph went in and told Pharaoh, and said, “My father and my brothers, with their flocks, their herds, and all…

Genesis 47:2

From among his brothers he took five men, and presented them to Pharaoh.

Genesis 47:3

Pharaoh said to his brothers, “What is your occupation?” They said to Pharaoh, “Your servants are shepherds, both we,…

Genesis 47:5

Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, “Your father and your brothers have come to you.

Genesis 47:6

The land of Egypt is before you. Make your father and your brothers dwell in the best of the land. Let them dwell in…

Genesis 47:11

Joseph placed his father and his brothers, and gave them a possession in the land of Egypt, in the best of the land, in…

Genesis 47:12

Joseph provided his father, his brothers, and all of his father’s household with bread, according to the sizes of their…

Genesis 48:6

Your offspring, whom you become the father of after them, will be yours. They will be called after the name of their…

Genesis 48:19

His father refused, and said, “I know, my son, I know. He also will become a people, and he also will be great.…

Genesis 48:22

Moreover I have given to you one portion above your brothers, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword…

Genesis 49:5

“Simeon and Levi are brothers. Their swords are weapons of violence.

Genesis 49:8

“Judah, your brothers will praise you. Your hand will be on the neck of your enemies. Your father’s sons will bow down…

Genesis 49:26

The blessings of your father have prevailed above the blessings of my ancestors, above the boundaries of the ancient…

Genesis 50:8

all the house of Joseph, his brothers, and his father’s house. Only their little ones, their flocks, and their herds,…

Genesis 50:14

Joseph returned into Egypt—he, and his brothers, and all that went up with him to bury his father, after he had buried…

Genesis 50:15

When Joseph’s brothers saw that their father was dead, they said, “It may be that Joseph will hate us, and will fully…

Genesis 50:17

‘You shall tell Joseph, “Now please forgive the disobedience of your brothers, and their sin, because they did evil to…

Genesis 50:18

His brothers also went and fell down before his face; and they said, “Behold, we are your servants.”

Genesis 50:24

Joseph said to his brothers, “I am dying, but God will surely visit you, and bring you up out of this land to the land…

Exodus 16 verses
Leviticus 19 verses
Numbers 18 verses
Deuteronomy 39 verses
Joshua 12 verses
Judges 26 verses
Ruth 2 verses
I Samuel 10 verses
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I Kings 11 verses
II Kings 4 verses
I Chronicles 89 verses
II Chronicles 24 verses
Ezra 9 verses
Nehemiah 21 verses
Esther 1 verse
Job 8 verses
Psalms 4 verses
Proverbs 8 verses
Ecclesiastes 1 verse
Song of Solomon 1 verse
Isaiah 5 verses
Jeremiah 14 verses
Hosea 1 verse
Joel 1 verse
Amos 2 verses
Obadiah 2 verses
Micah 1 verse
Haggai 1 verse
Zechariah 2 verses
Malachi 2 verses