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Luke 5:17-26 · Bible study

Luke 5:17-26 Commentary: Forgiveness and Healing

Greek · 10 what the commentators say

Meaning in one sentence

In Luke 5:17-26, Jesus heals a paralyzed man and forgives his sins, sparking controversy.

Research Summary

  • Meaning: Jesus demonstrates divine authority to forgive sins by healing a paralytic, confronting the growing opposition of the Pharisees.
  • Key words: forgive (ἀφίημι), authority (ἐξουσία), faith (πίστις), power (δύναμις), amazement (ἔκστασις).
  • Main debate: Is Jesus claiming divine identity by forgiving sins, or is this a delegated authority as the Son of Man? The passage presents it as a direct claim to divine prerogative.
  • Theological theme: The connection between sin and suffering; Jesus addresses both physical and spiritual brokenness.
  • Best use: A key text for defending the deity of Christ and for encouraging persistent faith that brings others to Jesus.

Translation Comparison

BSB Berean Standard Bible 2020

17One day Jesus was teaching, and the Pharisees and teachers of the law were sitting there. People had come from Jerusalem and from every village of Galilee and Judea, and the power of the Lord was present for Him to heal the sick.

18Just then some men came carrying a paralyzed man on a mat. They tried to bring him inside to set him before Jesus,

19but they could not find a way through the crowd. So they went up on the roof and lowered him on his mat through the tiles into the middle of the crowd, right in front of Jesus.

20When Jesus saw their faith, He said, “Friend, your sins are forgiven.”

21But the scribes and Pharisees began thinking to themselves, “Who is this man who speaks blasphemy? Who can forgive sins but God alone?”

22Knowing what they were thinking, Jesus replied, “Why are you thinking these things in your hearts?

23Which is easier: to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven,’ or to say, ‘Get up and walk?’

24But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on the earth to forgive sins...” He said to the paralytic, “I tell you, get up, pick up your mat, and go home.”

25And immediately the man stood up before them, took what he had been lying on, and went home glorifying God.

26Everyone was taken with amazement and glorified God. They were filled with awe and said, “We have seen remarkable things today.”

WEB World English Bible 2000

17On one of those days, he was teaching; and there were Pharisees and teachers of the law sitting by who had come out of every village of Galilee, Judea, and Jerusalem. The power of the Lord was with him to heal them.

18Behold, men brought a paralyzed man on a cot, and they sought to bring him in to lay before Jesus.

19Not finding a way to bring him in because of the multitude, they went up to the housetop and let him down through the tiles with his cot into the middle before Jesus.

20Seeing their faith, he said to him, “Man, your sins are forgiven you.”

21The scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, “Who is this who speaks blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone?”

22But Jesus, perceiving their thoughts, answered them, “Why are you reasoning so in your hearts?

23Which is easier to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven you,’ or to say, ‘Arise and walk’?

24But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins,” he said to the paralyzed man, “I tell you, arise, take up your cot, and go to your house.”

25Immediately he rose up before them, and took up that which he was laying on, and departed to his house, glorifying God.

26Amazement took hold on all, and they glorified God. They were filled with fear, saying, “We have seen strange things today.”

KJV King James Version 1769

17And it came to pass on a certain day, as he was teaching, that there were Pharisees and doctors of the law sitting by, which were come out of every town of Galilee, and Judea, and Jerusalem: and the power of the Lord was present to heal them.

18And, behold, men brought in a bed a man which was taken with a palsy: and they sought means to bring him in, and to lay him before him.

19And when they could not find by what way they might bring him in because of the multitude, they went upon the housetop, and let him down through the tiling with his couch into the midst before Jesus.

20And when he saw their faith, he said unto him, Man, thy sins are forgiven thee.

21And the scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, Who is this which speaketh blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone?

22But when Jesus perceived their thoughts, he answering said unto them, What reason ye in your hearts?

23Whether is easier, to say, Thy sins be forgiven thee; or to say, Rise up and walk?

24But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power upon earth to forgive sins, (he said unto the sick of the palsy,) I say unto thee, Arise, and take up thy couch, and go into thine house.

25And immediately he rose up before them, and took up that whereon he lay, and departed to his own house, glorifying God.

26And they were all amazed, and they glorified God, and were filled with fear, saying, We have seen strange things to day.

ASV American Standard Version 1901

17And it came to pass on one of those days, that he was teaching; and there were Pharisees and doctors of the law sitting by, who were come out of every village of Galilee and Judæa and Jerusalem: and the power of the Lord was with him to heal.

18And behold, men bring on a bed a man that was palsied: and they sought to bring him in, and to lay him before him.

19And not finding by what way they might bring him in because of the multitude, they went up to the housetop, and let him down through the tiles with his couch into the midst before Jesus.

20And seeing their faith, he said, Man, thy sins are forgiven thee.

21And the scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, Who is this that speaketh blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone?

22But Jesus perceiving their reasonings, answered and said unto them, Why reason ye in your hearts?

23Which is easier, to say, Thy sins are forgiven thee; or to say, Arise and walk?

24But that ye may know that the Son of man hath authority on earth to forgive sins (he said unto him that was palsied), I say unto thee, Arise, and take up thy couch, and go unto thy house.

25And immediately he rose up before them, and took up that whereon he lay, and departed to his house, glorifying God.

26And amazement took hold on all, and they glorified God; and they were filled with fear, saying, We have seen strange things to-day.

YLT Young's Literal Translation 1898

17And it came to pass, on one of the days, that he was teaching, and there were sitting by Pharisees and teachers of the Law, who were come out of every village of Galilee, and Judea, and Jerusalem, and the power of the Lord was--to heal them.

18And lo, men bearing upon a couch a man, who hath been struck with palsy, and they were seeking to bring him in, and to place before him,

19and not having found by what way they may bring him in because of the multitude, having gone up on the house-top, through the tiles they let him down, with the little couch, into the midst before Jesus,

20and he having seen their faith, said to him, `Man, thy sins have been forgiven thee.'

21And the scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, `Who is this that doth speak evil words? who is able to forgive sins, except God only?'

22And Jesus having known their reasonings, answering, said unto them, `What reason ye in your hearts?

23which is easier--to say, Thy sins have been forgiven thee? or to say, Arise, and walk?

24`And that ye may know that the Son of Man hath authority upon the earth to forgive sins--(he said to the one struck with palsy) --I say to thee, Arise, and having taken up thy little couch, be going on to thy house.'

25And presently having risen before them, having taken up that on which he was lying, he went away to his house, glorifying God,

26and astonishment took all, and they were glorifying God, and were filled with fear, saying--`We saw strange things to-day.'

Darby Darby Bible 1890

17And it came to pass on one of the days, that he was teaching, and there were Pharisees and doctors of the law sitting by, who were come out of every village of Galilee and Judaea and [out of] Jerusalem; and [the] Lord's power was [there] to heal them.

18And lo, men bringing upon a couch a man who was paralysed; and they sought to bring him in, and put [him] before him.

19And not finding what way to bring him in, on account of the crowd, going up on the housetop they let him down through the tiles, with his little couch, into the midst before Jesus.

20And seeing their faith, he said, Man, thy sins are forgiven thee.

21And the scribes and the Pharisees began to reason [in their minds], saying, Who is this who speaks blasphemies? Who is able to forgive sins but God alone?

22But Jesus, knowing their reasonings, answering said to them, Why reason ye in your hearts?

23which is easier, to say, Thy sins are forgiven thee; or to say, Rise up and walk?

24But that ye may know that the Son of man has power on earth to forgive sins, he said to the paralysed man, I say to thee, Arise, and take up thy little couch and go to thine house.

25And immediately standing up before them, having taken up that whereon he was laid, he departed to his house, glorifying God.

26And astonishment seized all, and they glorified God, and were filled with fear, saying, We have seen strange things to-day.

Douay-Rheims Douay-Rheims Bible 1899

17And it came to pass on a certain day, as he sat teaching, that there were also Pharisees and doctors of the law sitting by, that were come out of every town of Galilee and Judea and Jerusalem: and the power of the Lord was to heal them.

18And behold, men brought in a bed a man who had the palsy: and they sought means to bring him in and to lay him before him.

19And when they could not find by what way they might bring him in, because of the multitude, they went up upon the roof and let him down through the tiles with his bed into the midst before Jesus.

20Whose faith when he saw, he said: Man, thy sins are forgiven thee.

21And the scribes and Pharisees began to think, saying: Who is this who speaketh blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone?

22And when Jesus knew their thoughts, answering he said to them: What is it you think in your hearts?

23Which is easier to say: Thy sins are forgiven thee; or to say: Arise and walk?

24But that you may know that the Son of man hath the power on earth to forgive sins (he saith to the sick of the palsy), I say to thee to: Arise, take up thy bed and go into thy house.

25And immediately rising up before them, he took up the bed on which he lay: and he went away to his own house, glorifying God.

26And all were astonished: and they glorified God. And they were filled with fear, saying: We have seen wonderful things to-day.

Verse in Context

15 But the report concerning him spread much more, and great multitudes came together to hear and to be healed by him of their infirmities.
16 But he withdrew himself into the desert and prayed.
17 On one of those days, he was teaching; and there were Pharisees and teachers of the law sitting by who had come out of every village of Galilee, Judea, and Jerusalem. The power of the Lord was with him to heal them.
18 Behold, men brought a paralyzed man on a cot, and they sought to bring him in to lay before Jesus.
19 Not finding a way to bring him in because of the multitude, they went up to the housetop and let him down through the tiles with his cot into the middle before Jesus.
20 Seeing their faith, he said to him, “Man, your sins are forgiven you.”
21 The scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, “Who is this who speaks blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone?”
22 But Jesus, perceiving their thoughts, answered them, “Why are you reasoning so in your hearts?
23 Which is easier to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven you,’ or to say, ‘Arise and walk’?
24 But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins,” he said to the paralyzed man, “I tell you, arise, take up your cot, and go to your house.”
25 Immediately he rose up before them, and took up that which he was laying on, and departed to his house, glorifying God.
26 Amazement took hold on all, and they glorified God. They were filled with fear, saying, “We have seen strange things today.”
27 After these things he went out and saw a tax collector named Levi sitting at the tax office, and said to him, “Follow me!”
28 He left everything, and rose up and followed him.

Original Language (Koine Greek)

Καὶ Kai CONJ G2532 And
ἐγένετο egeneto V-2ADI-3S G1096 it came to pass
ἐν en PREP G1722 on
μιᾷ mia A-DSF G1520 one
τῶν tōn T-GPF G3588 of the
ἡμερῶν hēmerōn N-GPF G2250 days
καὶ kai CONJ G2532 that
αὐτὸς autos P-NSM G0846 He himself
ἦν ēn V-IAI-3S G1510 was
διδάσκων· didaskōn V-PAP-NSM G1321 teaching;
καὶ kai CONJ G2532 and
ἦσαν ēsan V-IAI-3P G1510 there were
καθήμενοι kathēmenoi V-PNP-NPM G2521 sitting by
Φαρισαῖοι Pharisaioi N-NPM-T G5330 Pharisees
καὶ kai CONJ G2532 and
νομοδιδάσκαλοι nomodidaskaloi N-NPM G3547 teachers of the law
οἳ hoi R-NPM G3739 who
ἦσαν ēsan V-IAI-3P G1510 were
ἐληλυθότες elēluthotes V-2RAP-NPM G2064 already coming
ἐκ ek PREP G1537 out of
πάσης pasēs A-GSF G3956 every
κώμης kōmēs N-GSF G2968 village
τῆς tēs T-GSF G3588 <the>
Γαλιλαίας Galilaias N-GSF-L G1056 of Galilee
καὶ kai CONJ G2532 and
Ἰουδαίας Ioudaias N-GSF-L G2449 of Judea
καὶ kai CONJ G2532 and
Ἰερουσαλήμ, Ierousalēm N-GSF-L G2419 of Jerusalem,
καὶ kai CONJ G2532 And
δύναμις dunamis N-NSF G1411 [the] power
κυρίου kuriou N-GSM-T G2962 of [the] Lord
ἦν ēn V-IAI-3S G1510 was
εἰς eis PREP G1519 with
τὸ to T-ASN G3588 <the>
ἰᾶσθαι iasthai V-PNN G2390 to heal
αὐτόν. auton P-ASM G0846 Him.

Source: STEPBible TAGNT/TEHB (CC-BY 4.0). Click or tap a morphology code to see the full parsing.

Scholars' Consensus

Commentators across traditions agree this passage marks a critical turn in Luke’s narrative. The gathering of Pharisees and teachers of the law from every region signals official scrutiny of Jesus, as Jamieson-Fausset-Brown notes: “The highest testimony yet borne to our Lord’s growing influence.” Yet the power of the Lord is present for healing, Clarke calls it the “miraculous power of the Lord, i.e. of Jesus.” Jesus first addresses the paralyzed man’s deeper need: “Man, your sins are forgiven you.” The Cambridge Bible and Vincent point out that the Greek verb ἀφέωνται is perfect tense, meaning forgiveness is now and permanently granted. The scribes object: “Who can forgive sins but God alone?” Jesus answers not with debate but with a visible sign, he commands the man to rise and walk. The immediate healing proves the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins. All present witness something “strange” (παράδοξα) and glorify God.

How settled is the interpretation?

Interpretive difficulty: Medium

Main views:

  1. Divine prerogative view: Jesus, as God incarnate, exercises the authority that belongs to God alone (supported by Clarke, Gill, and the scribes' own admission that only God can forgive).
  2. Delegated authority view: The Son of Man is given authority on earth to forgive sins as God's representative (based on the phrase 'Son of Man' and the grammatical structure of v.24).

What is clear: Jesus healed the paralytic and declared his sins forgiven, demonstrating that he possesses the authority to forgive sins and that faith in him brings both forgiveness and healing.

What Scholars Agree and Debate

TopicAgreedDebated
Power of the LordCommentators agree that 'the power of the Lord' refers to God's power working through Jesus for healing.Some (e.g., Clarke) identify it as Jesus' own power; others see it as the Father's power present in Jesus.
Faith of the groupAll agree that Jesus saw the faith of the friends and the paralyzed man together.Some emphasize the friends' faith as the primary means of bringing the man; others stress that the man's own faith was also seen.
Sin and sickness connectionMost hold that Jesus links sin to suffering in this case without saying all sickness is caused by personal sin.Some see a direct causal connection (the man needed forgiveness first); others caution against asserting a universal link.
The title 'Son of Man'All agree it is Jesus' self-designation, used here to claim authority.Some emphasize its human representative meaning (a son of man in Daniel 7); others stress its divine connotations, pointing to Jesus' unique status.

Historical & Cultural Context

The scene is set in Capernaum, likely in a private home crowded with listeners. Luke’s description of the setting fits typical first-century Galilean houses: a flat roof accessible by an outside staircase, often constructed with tiles laid on wooden beams. The men carrying the paralyzed man find the door blocked, so they go up to the roof and lower him through the tiles, a dramatic act of persistence.

Luke’s word for the paralyzed man is παραλελυμένος, a perfect passive participle meaning “having been paralyzed.” Vincent notes that Luke uses this verb rather than the common adjective “paralytic,” consistent with medical writers of the time. This precision reflects Luke’s attention to the man’s condition.

The presence of Pharisees and teachers of the law (νομοδιδάσκαλοι) from every village of Galilee, Judea, and Jerusalem is significant. They have come not as learners but as observers. In Matthew 15:1 and Mark 7:1, scribes from Jerusalem confront Jesus. Their arrival here signals that Jesus’ ministry now draws the attention of the highest religious authorities. Yet Luke immediately contrasts their critical posture with “the power of the Lord” (δύναμις Κυρίου) being present to heal. Wesley calls this power “to heal the sickness of their souls as well as all bodily diseases.” The contrast is sharp: the leaders come to judge; the Lord’s power comes to restore.

Textual Notes

The consulted sources note no significant textual variants in Luke 5:17-26. The narrative is well attested across manuscript traditions.

Reception History

This passage has been central to Christian teaching on the deity of Christ. Early church fathers used it in debates against Arianism, arguing that Christ’s forgiveness of sins demonstrates his divine nature. In medieval catechesis, the story illustrated the priority of spiritual healing over physical, and the faith of the friends became a model for intercessory prayer. Protestant reformers pointed to Jesus’ direct authority to forgive sins as a basis for the priesthood of all believers. Across traditions, the passage has encouraged persistent faith and deepened the connection between confession and healing.

Preaching This Verse

Three-point outline

  1. The Gathering Storm, The wide gathering of religious leaders signals growing opposition, but the power of the Lord is still present to heal (v.17).
  2. Determined Faith Breaks Every Barrier, The friends’ persistence shows that faith overcomes obstacles to bring someone to Jesus (v.18-19).
  3. Jesus’ Authority: Deeper than Healing, He forgives sins first, then heals, proving his authority as the Son of Man to address both the spiritual and physical roots of human brokenness (v.20-26).

Five-point outline

  1. Presence of Power (v.17), The Lord’s power for healing is present, even amid a crowd of critics.
  2. Persistence of Friends (v.18-19), Four men carry a paralyzed friend, tear through the roof, and lower him before Jesus.
  3. Priority of Forgiveness (v.20), Jesus sees their faith and addresses the man’s deepest need: “Your sins are forgiven.”
  4. Problem of Blasphemy (v.21-23), The scribes and Pharisees reason that only God can forgive sins; Jesus knows their thoughts and poses a question.
  5. Proof of Authority (v.24-26), Jesus heals the man, who walks home glorifying God. The crowd is amazed and filled with fear.

Illustration hooks

  • A parent driving a sick child through a storm to reach a hospital, the friends’ effort to bring the paralyzed man mirrors that kind of relentless love.
  • A workplace where someone is sidelined by illness or failure, and a colleague goes out of their way to connect them with help, the friends act like that colleague.
  • A person who knows their outward problems have a root of shame or guilt, Jesus’ first words address the hidden burden, then the visible one.

Questions your congregation is asking

  • Was the man’s paralysis caused by his own sin? How should we connect sickness and suffering with sin?
  • Why did Jesus forgive sins before healing? What does that tell us about his priorities?
  • How can a church community become a “roof-breaking” team that brings people to Jesus with this kind of faith?

Leading a Discussion

This story sets two responses side by side: the critical observation of the religious leaders and the determined faith of the friends. What do we learn about Jesus’ priorities, and about the kind of faith that brings someone to him?

Discussion questions

  1. Read verses 17-19. What do you notice about the setting and the people present? Why might Luke emphasize that the Pharisees and teachers came from “every village”?
  2. Why do you think the friends went to such effort? What does “seeing their faith” (v.20) tell us about the connection between their actions and the man’s healing?
  3. Why does Jesus say, “Your sins are forgiven you,” rather than telling the man to walk? What does this reveal about his mission?
  4. The scribes and Pharisees accuse Jesus of blasphemy. Were they wrong to be concerned? How does Jesus address their unspoken thoughts?
  5. Does the physical healing add anything to the declaration of forgiveness? Why does Jesus perform both?
  6. This passage presents Jesus as having authority to forgive sins. How does that shape your view of him today?
  7. What barriers keep us from bringing ourselves, or others, to Jesus? How might we “tear through the roof” for someone in need?

What the Commentators Say

9 public-domain commentaries, condensed into plain language.

Adam Clarke's Commentary Methodist/Wesleyan 1826

Clarke argues that Jesus' forgiveness of the paralytic's sins would be blasphemy unless Jesus is God. To prove his divine authority, Jesus performed three miracles only an omniscient and omnipotent Being could: forgiving sins, reading secret thoughts, and instantly healing the man. This demonstration left witnesses calling the event a paradox—something appearing impossible yet proven real.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible Protestant 1832

Barnes does not offer a fresh explanation here. Instead he directs readers to the parallel account in Matthew 9 for the full details, noting that the specific location is not given in Luke but from Matthew appears to be Capernaum, and that the tiling is also explained in Matthew.

Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges Anglican 1880

This commentary emphasizes the active, nobly impatient faith of the paralytic and his bearers, who resorted to making an opening in the roof—an everyday matter in the East—to bring him to Jesus. It also notes that Jesus' first words about forgiveness directly challenged the Pharisees' rigid belief that all suffering is an immediate consequence of personal sin.

Gill's Exposition of the Bible Baptist 1748

Gill stresses that the scribes and Pharisees rightly said only God can forgive sins, but they wrongly judged Jesus a mere man. Their charge of blasphemy came from not recognizing that the Son of Man is truly God, with equal power to forgive sins even while on earth.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Protestant 1871

JFB highlights the growing pressure on Jesus: Pharisees and religious teachers now crowd in, forced to take a public stance on Him. Then, in the healing itself, he catches Bengel’s lovely reversal — the bed that once carried the paralyzed man is now carried by the healed man.

Lange's Commentary Reformed 1857

Lange explains Jesus' sharp command for the healed leper to keep silent as a practical measure, not a fear of uncleanness. In Galilee's volatile atmosphere, the leper's bold faith and deep gratitude would have led him to speak indiscriminately, fueling destructive enthusiasm. The stern warning was meant to protect the mission.

Matthew Henry's Commentary Reformed/Presbyterian 1710

Henry notes that Jesus taught on a weekday, not the Sabbath, to show that hearing God's word is a good work any day. He draws a lesson: just as we labour for the world on six days, we must also labour for the soul and its welfare.

Vincent's Word Studies Evangelical 1887

Vincent notes that Luke's word choice for the paralytic's condition uses a verb form rather than the common adjective, matching medical writers' precision. He also observes that Luke's term for the bed (klinidion) describes a small litter a woman could carry, and the emphatic pronoun he sets Jesus apart from the Pharisees as the true teacher.

Wesley's Explanatory Notes Methodist/Wesleyan 1754

Wesley draws attention to the practical details of the house—a back passage, outside stairs, and a trap door—used to bring the paralytic to Jesus. He notes that the Lord's power was present to heal both bodily diseases and the sickness of the soul, making the day's events remarkable: both sins forgiven and miracles wrought.

Word Study

The key original-language words in this verse. Select any word for its full lexicon entry — meaning, every occurrence in Scripture, and related words.

Cross-References

Source: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (TSK, public domain)

Matthew 11:5 the blind receive their sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have good news preached to them.
Matthew 15:1 Then Pharisees and scribes came to Jesus from Jerusalem, saying,
Mark 3:22 The scribes who came down from Jerusalem said, “He has Beelzebul,” and, “By the prince of the demons he casts out the demons.”
Mark 5:30 Immediately Jesus, perceiving in himself that the power had gone out from him, turned around in the crowd and asked, “Who touched my clothes?”
Mark 7:1 Then the Pharisees and some of the scribes gathered together to him, having come from Jerusalem.
Mark 16:18 they will take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it will in no way hurt them; they will lay hands on the sick, and they will recover.”
Luke 2:46 After three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the middle of the teachers, both listening to them and asking them questions.
Luke 5:30 Their scribes and the Pharisees murmured against his disciples, saying, “Why do you eat and drink with the tax collectors and sinners?”

Interlinear and lexical data from STEPBible (CC BY 4.0). Cross-reference data from OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0). Commentaries are public domain.

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