Leviticus 14:10-20 · Bible study
Leviticus 14:10-20 Commentary: The Cleansed Leper's Offerings
Hebrew · 10 what the commentators say
Meaning in one sentence
Explore the meaning of the two male lambs, ewe lamb, flour, and oil in the leper's cleansing ritual (Lev 14:10-20).
Research Summary
- Meaning: A ritual of atonement and restoration that fully reintegrates a healed leper into Israel's worship and community through sacrifice, blood, and oil.
- Key words: Trespass offering (אָשָׁם, 'asham) for guilt; log (לֹג) of oil, a liquid measure about half a pint; atonement (כָּפַר, kafar) to cover or purge.
- Main debate: Whether the oil symbolizes the Holy Spirit specifically (common in evangelical interpretation) or healing and grace more generally (Wesley); also whether leprosy was linked to personal sin or just ceremonial uncleanness.
- Theological theme: Atonement as basis for restoration to God's presence; the whole person, ear, hand, foot, is consecrated to God.
- Best use: Teaching on the seriousness of sin and the completeness of God's provision for cleansing; a type of Christ's sacrifice that purifies us and grants access to worship.
Translation Comparison
BSB Berean Standard Bible 2020
10On the eighth day he is to bring two unblemished male lambs, an unblemished ewe lamb a year old, a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with olive oil, and one log of olive oil.
11The priest who performs the cleansing shall present the one to be cleansed, together with these offerings, before the LORD at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.
12Then the priest is to take one of the male lambs and present it as a guilt offering, along with the log of olive oil; and he must wave them as a wave offering before the LORD.
13Then he is to slaughter the lamb in the sanctuary area where the sin offering and burnt offering are slaughtered. Like the sin offering, the guilt offering belongs to the priest; it is most holy.
14The priest is to take some of the blood from the guilt offering and put it on the right earlobe of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot.
15Then the priest shall take some of the log of olive oil, pour it into his left palm,
16dip his right forefinger into the oil in his left palm, and sprinkle some of the oil with his finger seven times before the LORD.
17And the priest is to put some of the oil remaining in his palm on the right earlobe of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot, on top of the blood of the guilt offering.
18The rest of the oil in his palm, the priest is to put on the head of the one to be cleansed, to make atonement for him before the LORD.
19Then the priest is to sacrifice the sin offering and make atonement for the one to be cleansed from his uncleanness. After that, the priest shall slaughter the burnt offering
20and offer it on the altar, with the grain offering, to make atonement for him, and he will be clean.
WEB World English Bible 2000
10“On the eighth day he shall take two male lambs without defect, one ewe lamb a year old without defect, three tenths of an ephah of fine flour for a meal offering, mixed with oil, and one log of oil.
11The priest who cleanses him shall set the man who is to be cleansed, and those things, before Yahweh, at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
12“The priest shall take one of the male lambs, and offer him for a trespass offering, with the log of oil, and wave them for a wave offering before Yahweh.
13He shall kill the male lamb in the place where they kill the sin offering and the burnt offering, in the place of the sanctuary; for as the sin offering is the priest’s, so is the trespass offering. It is most holy.
14The priest shall take some of the blood of the trespass offering, and the priest shall put it on the tip of the right ear of him who is to be cleansed, and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot.
15The priest shall take some of the log of oil, and pour it into the palm of his own left hand.
16The priest shall dip his right finger in the oil that is in his left hand, and shall sprinkle some of the oil with his finger seven times before Yahweh.
17The priest shall put some of the rest of the oil that is in his hand on the tip of the right ear of him who is to be cleansed, and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot, upon the blood of the trespass offering.
18The rest of the oil that is in the priest’s hand he shall put on the head of him who is to be cleansed, and the priest shall make atonement for him before Yahweh.
19“The priest shall offer the sin offering, and make atonement for him who is to be cleansed because of his uncleanness. Afterward he shall kill the burnt offering;
20then the priest shall offer the burnt offering and the meal offering on the altar. The priest shall make atonement for him, and he shall be clean.
KJV King James Version 1769
10And on the eighth day he shall take two he lambs without blemish, and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish, and three tenth deals of fine flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, and one log of oil.
11And the priest that maketh him clean shall present the man that is to be made clean, and those things, before the Lord, at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation:
12And the priest shall take one he lamb, and offer him for a trespass offering, and the log of oil, and wave them for a wave offering before the Lord:
13And he shall slay the lamb in the place where he shall kill the sin offering and the burnt offering, in the holy place: for as the sin offering is the priest’s, so is the trespass offering: it is most holy:
14And the priest shall take some of the blood of the trespass offering, and the priest shall put it upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot:
15And the priest shall take some of the log of oil, and pour it into the palm of his own left hand:
16And the priest shall dip his right finger in the oil that is in his left hand, and shall sprinkle of the oil with his finger seven times before the Lord:
17And of the rest of the oil that is in his hand shall the priest put upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot, upon the blood of the trespass offering:
18And the remnant of the oil that is in the priest’s hand he shall pour upon the head of him that is to be cleansed: and the priest shall make an atonement for him before the Lord.
19And the priest shall offer the sin offering, and make an atonement for him that is to be cleansed from his uncleanness; and afterward he shall kill the burnt offering:
20And the priest shall offer the burnt offering and the meat offering upon the altar: and the priest shall make an atonement for him, and he shall be clean.
ASV American Standard Version 1901
10And on the eighth day he shall take two he-lambs without blemish, and one ewe-lamb a year old without blemish, and three tenth parts of an ephah of fine flour for a meal-offering, mingled with oil, and one log of oil.
11And the priest that cleanseth him shall set the man that is to be cleansed, and those things, before Jehovah, at the door of the tent of meeting.
12And the priest shall take one of the he-lambs, and offer him for a trespass-offering, and the log of oil, and wave them for a wave-offering before Jehovah:
13and he shall kill the he-lamb in the place where they kill the sin-offering and the burnt-offering, in the place of the sanctuary: for as the sin-offering is the priest’s, so is the trespass-offering: it is most holy.
14And the priest shall take of the blood of the trespass-offering, and the priest shall put it upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot.
15And the priest shall take of the log of oil, and pour it into the palm of his own left hand;
16and the priest shall dip his right finger in the oil that is in his left hand, and shall sprinkle of the oil with his finger seven times before Jehovah.
17And of the rest of the oil that is in his hand shall the priest put upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot, upon the blood of the trespass-offering:
18and the rest of the oil that is in the priest’s hand he shall put upon the head of him that is to be cleansed: and the priest shall make atonement for him before Jehovah.
19And the priest shall offer the sin-offering, and make atonement for him that is to be cleansed because of his uncleanness: and afterward he shall kill the burnt-offering;
20and the priest shall offer the burnt-offering and the meal-offering upon the altar: and the priest shall make atonement for him, and he shall be clean.
YLT Young's Literal Translation 1898
10`And on the eighth day he taketh two lambs, perfect ones, and one ewe-lamb, daughter of a year, a perfect one, and three tenth deals of flour for a present, mixed with oil, and one log of oil.
11`And the priest who is cleansing hath caused the man who is to be cleansed to stand with them before Jehovah, at the opening of the tent of meeting,
12and the priest hath taken the one he-lamb, and hath brought it near for a guilt-offering, also the log of oil, and hath waved them--a wave offering before Jehovah.
13`And he hath slaughtered the lamb in the place where he slaughtereth the sin-offering and the burnt-offering, in the holy place; for like the sin-offering the guilt-offering is to the priest; it is most holy.
14`And the priest hath taken of the blood of the guilt-offering, and the priest hath put on the tip of the right ear of him who is to be cleansed, and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the great toe of his right foot;
15and the priest hath taken of the log of oil, and hath poured on the left palm of the priest,
16and the priest hath dipped his right finger in the oil which is on his left palm, and hath sprinkled of the oil with his finger seven times before Jehovah.
17`And of the residue of the oil which is on his palm, the priest putteth on the tip of the right ear of him who is to be cleansed, and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the great toe of his right foot, on the blood of the guilt-offering;
18and the remnant of the oil which is on the palm of the priest, he putteth on the head of him who is to be cleansed, and the priest hath made atonement for him before Jehovah.
19`And the priest hath made the sin-offering, and hath made atonement for him who is to be cleansed from his uncleanness, and afterwards he doth slaughter the burnt-offering;
20and the priest hath caused the burnt-offering to ascend, also the present, on the altar, and the priest hath made atonement for him, and he hath been clean.
Darby Darby Bible 1890
10And on the eighth day he shall take two he-lambs without blemish, and one yearling ewe-lamb without blemish, and three tenth parts of fine flour mingled with oil, for an oblation, and one log of oil.
11And the priest that cleanseth [him] shall present the man that is to be cleansed and those things before Jehovah, at the entrance of the tent of meeting.
12And the priest shall take one he-lamb, and present it for a trespass-offering, and the log of oil, and wave them as a wave-offering before Jehovah.
13And he shall slaughter the he-lamb at the place where the sin-offering and the burnt-offering are slaughtered, in a holy place; for as the sin-offering, so the trespass-offering is the priest's: it is most holy.
14And the priest shall take of the blood of the trespass-offering, and the priest shall put it on the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the great toe of his right foot.
15And the priest shall take of the log of oil, and pour it into his, the priest's, left hand;
16and the priest shall dip his right finger in the oil that is in his left hand, and shall sprinkle of the oil with his finger seven times before Jehovah.
17And of the rest of the oil that is in his hand shall the priest put on the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the great toe of his right foot, upon the blood of the trespass-offering.
18And the remainder of the oil that is in the priest's hand he shall put upon the head of him that is to be cleansed, and the priest shall make atonement for him before Jehovah.
19And the priest shall offer the sin-offering, and make atonement for him that is to be cleansed from his uncleanness; and afterwards shall he slaughter the burnt-offering.
20And the priest shall offer the burnt-offering and the oblation upon the altar; and the priest shall make atonement for him, and he shall be clean.
Douay-Rheims Douay-Rheims Bible 1899
10On the eighth day, he shall take two lambs without blemish, and an ewe of a year old without blemish, and three tenths of flour tempered with oil for a sacrifice, and a sextary of oil apart.
11And when the priest that purifieth the man, hath presented him, and all these things before the Lord, at the door of the tabernacle of the testimony:
12He shall take a lamb, and offer it for a trespass offering with the sextary of oil. And having offered all before the Lord,
13He shall immolate the lamb, where the victim for sin is wont to be immolated, and the holocaust, that is, in the holy place. For as that which is for sin, so also the victim for a trespass offering pertaineth to the priest: it is holy of holies.
14And the priest taking of the blood of the victim that was immolated for trespass, shall put it upon the tip of the right ear of him that is cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand and the great toe of his right foot.
15And he shall pour of the sextary of oil into his own left hand,
16And shall dip his right finger in it, and sprinkle it before the Lord seven times.
17And the rest of the oil in his left hand, he shall pour upon the tip of the right ear of him that is cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand and the great toe of his right foot, and upon the blood that was shed for trespass:
18And upon his head.
19And he shall pray for him before the Lord, and shall offer the sacrifice for sin. Then shall he immolate the holocaust.
20And put it on the altar with the libations thereof: and the man shall be rightly cleansed.
Verse in Context
Original Language (Biblical Hebrew)
Old Testament · Biblical Hebrew · Leviticus 14:10
Source: STEPBible TAGNT/TEHB (CC-BY 4.0). Click or tap a morphology code to see the full parsing.
Scholars' Consensus
The commentators agree on the structure of these offerings. Adam Clarke notes that each offering addresses a different aspect: the sin offering deals with impurity, the trespass offering with transgression, and the gratitude offering (the burnt and grain offerings) for God's merciful cleansing. Barnes emphasizes that the trespass offering is the central feature, and the oil is waved before the Lord. Wesley sees the oil as a sign of God's grace and mercy. Calvin draws a parallel to circumcision on the eighth day, calling the restoration a kind of new birth. The application of blood and then oil to the right ear, thumb, and big toe is widely interpreted as consecrating the restored person's hearing, actions, and walk to God. The Cambridge Bible notes that this act mirrors the consecration of priests (Leviticus 8:23), leading many to see the leper as reinstated into the full privileges of the covenant community. Jamieson-Fausset-Brown adds that the blood signifies forgiveness and the oil signifies sanctification. All agree that the goal is atonement and full restoration: "the priest shall make atonement for him, and he shall be clean."
How settled is the interpretation?
Interpretive difficulty: Medium
Main views:
- Typological/Christological: The offerings and their order prefigure Christ's atonement; the oil represents the Spirit applied through the blood (supported by many Protestant commentators).
- Ceremonial restoration: The ritual's primary purpose is to restore the leper to the community and sanctuary; the specifics are functional, not symbolic (emphasized in modern ritual studies).
- Moral dedication: The ear, thumb, and toe signify the consecration of hearing, doing, and walking to God (common in moral and devotional readings).
What is clear: The ritual, when completed, makes the person ceremonially clean and restores them to full participation in the worship of Israel.
What Scholars Agree and Debate
| Topic | Agreed | Debated |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose of the trespass offering | It addresses guilt and requires blood applied to the person, marking the most holy element of the ritual. | Some traditions see this as directly atoning for personal sin that may have caused the leprosy; others view it as dealing with the ceremonial defilement of the community caused by the leper's condition. |
| Meaning of the oil | Oil symbolizes God's grace, healing, and the joy of restoration. | Christians in the evangelical and charismatic traditions often identify the oil with the Holy Spirit, while Wesley and others see it primarily as a sign of healing and mercy. |
| Application to the right ear, thumb, and toe | These body parts represent hearing, working, and walking, the man's restored faculties are dedicated to God. | Some see this as a form of ordination or commissioning (like priests), while others understand it simply as sanctifying the basic actions of daily life. |
| Provision for the poor | God allows reduced offerings so that no one is excluded by poverty. | No substantial debate; all traditions note God's compassion. |
Historical & Cultural Context
In ancient Israel, a person diagnosed with a scaly skin disease (commonly translated "leprosy") was cut off from the camp, banished from the presence of God and community. The process of restoration (chs. 13, 14) was gradual. After healing, the priest performed a ceremony with birds, cedar, scarlet, and hyssop outside the camp. Then the person washed, shaved, and waited seven days. On the seventh day they shaved again and bathed. Only on the eighth day did they bring offerings to the sanctuary.
The location is critical: "at the door of the Tent of Meeting" (v.11). Ellicott's Commentary notes that in later temple times, the leper stood at the Nicanor Gate, between the Court of Women and the Court of Israel, facing the sanctuary. This was "before the LORD", the person was being readmitted into God's presence. The quantities reflect seriousness: three tenths of an ephah of fine flour (about 10, 12 pints) and a log of oil (about half a pint). Two male lambs and one ewe lamb without defect: a costly sacrifice, yet a provision was made for the poor (v.21), showing God's mercy.
The eighth day recalls the circumcision ceremony, as Calvin points out: the leper, who had been excluded, is now "born again" and grafted back into the covenant. The three kinds of offerings, trespass, sin, and burnt, cover every category of fault and dedication. The application of blood and oil to the right ear, thumb, and big toe copies the ordination ritual for priests (Exod. 29:20; Lev. 8:23-24). This suggests the cleansed leper, while not a priest, is given back the full use of body and senses for holy living. The priest also sprinkles oil seven times before the Lord (v.16), a number of completeness.
Textual Notes
Reception History
Through church history, this passage has been read primarily as a type of Christ's cleansing work. Early church fathers saw the leper as a picture of sinful humanity and the priest as Christ. The blood and oil prefigured the sacraments of baptism and anointing. Medieval interpreters emphasized the moral allegory: the ear, hand, and foot represent obedience, good works, and pilgrimage. Reformation commentators like Calvin warned against excessive speculation but affirmed the eighth day as a type of resurrection and new birth. Wesley continued this typological reading, focusing on the oil as grace. Modern scholarship has recovered the ritual's place in the ancient Near Eastern cultic context, emphasizing that leprosy's uncleanness was not primarily moral but ritual, and that the offerings restored the person to the community. Across all eras, verse 20's declaration "he shall be clean" has been a source of hope, pointing to the definitive cleansing available in Christ.
Preaching This Verse
Three-point outline
- Sin and uncleanness require a full atonement. The cleansed leper brought a trespass offering for offense against God, a sin offering for impurity, and a burnt offering for total dedication. Together they cover every dimension of the rupture caused by leprosy, both the disease and the moral failures that may have accompanied it.
- Restoration touches the whole person. Blood and oil were placed on the right ear, thumb, and big toe. These body parts stand for the basic capacities of a free person, each consecrated to God.
- God provides a way back for everyone. The eighth day recalls new creation and new birth (Calvin). The provision for the poor in verses 21-22 shows that no one, however poor, was left without access to cleansing.
Five-point outline
- Presentation before the Lord (vv.10-11). The man and his offerings are brought to the sanctuary door. This public act re-establishes the leper's place in the congregation.
- The trespass offering and wave offering (vv.12-13). The first male lamb is designated for guilt. It is most holy, belonging to the priest. This offering addresses the sin that defiled the camp and separated the person from God.
- Blood applied to ear, thumb, and toe (v.14). The priest takes some of the trespass offering's blood and puts it on the right extremities. This is identical to the priestly consecration ritual (Exod. 29:20).
- Oil applied over the blood (vv.15-18). Oil is sprinkled seven times before the Lord, then placed on the same three places, and finally poured on the head. The oil goes "upon the blood" showing that grace rests on the foundation of atonement.
- Sin offering, burnt offering, and grain offering (vv.19-20). These complete the purification. The ewe lamb covers the person's underlying uncleanness; the burnt offering symbolizes total surrender; the grain offering expresses thanksgiving. Then the priest pronounces him clean.
Illustration hooks
- A family whose child has been in the hospital for weeks finally brings her home. Before she can rejoin normal life, there are checkups and medications to finish, and then the day the doctor says "she is clear." The leper's eighth day is that declaration made visible in worship.
- Think of someone isolated by a contagious illness. The moment they are cleared to hug their family and go back to work, the simple act of being with others feels like a new beginning. The leper's ritual made that sacred.
- After an accident that leaves a person unable to use their hand or foot, rehabilitation ends when they can again grasp and step. The blood and oil on thumb and toe mark that recovery as God's gift.
Questions your congregation is asking
- Why did the leper need so many different offerings? What was wrong with just one?
- What does the oil on the ear, thumb, and toe mean for my daily life now?
- Does this passage teach that leprosy (or any sickness) was a direct punishment for sin? How should we think about disease and divine judgment?
Leading a Discussion
This passage describes the final stage of a leper's cleansing, the moment when a person cut off from community and worship was fully restored. The rituals may seem foreign, but they raise deep questions about sin, uncleanness, atonement, and restoration that still matter. As you discuss, notice both the precision of the offerings and the mercy of God who provides a way back.
Discussion questions
- What animals and items are required in verses 10-11? Why do you think each is specified so carefully?
- The trespass offering is offered first and its blood is applied to the person. What does the priority of this offering tell us about the process of cleansing?
- The blood is placed on the right ear, thumb, and big toe. The oil is then placed on the same spots, "upon the blood." What might this order (blood first, then oil) signify?
- How does this ritual compare to the consecration of priests in Exodus 29:19-21? What might that comparison suggest about the restored leper's status?
- In verse 18, the priest "makes atonement for him before the LORD." In what sense does a small animal sacrifice bring about atonement? How does this point forward to Christ?
- Why do you think God provided a less expensive option for the poor (vv.21-22)? What does this reveal about God's character?
- How does the eight-day process leading up to this offering (see vv.8-9) shape your understanding of the seriousness of the cleansed leper's return to worship?
Word Study
The key original-language words in this verse. Select any word for its full lexicon entry — meaning, every occurrence in Scripture, and related words.
Cross-References
Source: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (TSK, public domain)
| Exodus 29:40 | and with the one lamb a tenth part of an ephah of fine flour mixed with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil, and the fourth part of a hin of wine for a drink offering. |
| Leviticus 1:10 | “‘If his offering is from the flock, from the sheep or from the goats, for a burnt offering, he shall offer a male without defect. |
| Leviticus 2:1 | “‘When anyone offers an offering of a meal offering to Yahweh, his offering shall be of fine flour. He shall pour oil on it, and put frankincense on it. |
| Leviticus 2:11 | “‘No meal offering which you shall offer to Yahweh shall be made with yeast; for you shall burn no yeast, nor any honey, as an offering made by fire to Yahweh. |
| Leviticus 2:13 | Every offering of your meal offering you shall season with salt. You shall not allow the salt of the covenant of your God to be lacking from your meal offering. With all your offerings you shall offer salt. |
| Leviticus 4:32 | “‘If he brings a lamb as his offering for a sin offering, he shall bring a female without defect. |
| Leviticus 9:1 | On the eighth day, Moses called Aaron and his sons, and the elders of Israel; |
| Leviticus 14:21 | “If he is poor, and can’t afford so much, then he shall take one male lamb for a trespass offering to be waved, to make atonement for him, and one tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering, and a log of oil; |
Interlinear and lexical data from STEPBible (CC BY 4.0). Cross-reference data from OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0). Commentaries are public domain.
For personal reflection
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What the Commentators Say
9 public-domain commentaries, condensed into plain language.
Adam Clarke's Commentary Methodist/Wesleyan 1826
Clarke draws a precise distinction between the offerings a cleansed leper brought: the sin-offering dealt with impurity, the trespass-offering dealt with transgression, and the gratitude-offering acknowledged the cleansing itself. Each offering targeted a different aspect of the man's condition and restoration.
Barnes' Notes on the Bible Protestant 1832
Barnes draws attention to the unusual use of a wave-offering for a person: the cleansed leper, represented by his trespass-offering, was dedicated before Yahweh in the same manner as the Levites. The sevenfold sprinkling of oil alongside the blood consecrated the oil to signify the spiritual gift that follows the covenant sealed by the offering.
Calvin's Commentaries Reformed 1564
Calvin sees the eighth-day cleansing of a healed leper as parallel to infant circumcision: both graft someone back into the covenant community after a kind of birth. He admits he does not fully understand every ritual detail and warns readers not to be too curious about them. He also notes that God commands a cheaper offering for the poor, showing that a worshiper’s devotion matters more than the offering’s cost.
Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges Anglican 1880
The commentator notes that the leper's guilt offering is unique: the whole lamb is waved, and the blood and oil are applied like at a priest's consecration. This suggests a re-consecration, as if leprosy had removed the person from the priestly nation. The reason for a guilt offering, which normally involves restitution, remains unclear.
Gill's Exposition of the Bible Baptist 1748
Gill reads the leper's cleansing ritual as a detailed prophecy of salvation. The blood of the trespass offering applied first to ear, thumb, and toe shows that Christ's atonement must precede any work of the Spirit. The oil then placed on the same spots pictures the Holy Spirit's sanctifying grace, which flows only from that completed sacrifice.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Protestant 1871
JFB draws a close parallel between the leper's cleansing ritual and Christ's work: the blood applied to the leper's extremities mirrors the priests' consecration, and the oil anointing symbolizes the Spirit's sanctifying power. The atonement removed ceremonial pollution and restored access to worship, just as Christ's sacrifice restores believers to the privileges of God's children.
Lange's Commentary Reformed 1857
Lange reads the two birds in the cleansing ritual as representing the leper's double condition. In the slain bird he appears fallen into death, and in the living bird set free he appears restored to unrestrained motion. The cedar, scarlet, and hyssop dipped with the living bird symbolize endurance, freshness, and purity of life.
Matthew Henry's Commentary Reformed/Presbyterian 1710
Henry sees the blood and oil applied to the cleansed leper's right ear, thumb, and toe as consecrating his whole life to God. The ear, hand, and foot represent hearing God's word, doing his will, and walking in his ways. The oil placed upon the blood signifies the Spirit's grace flowing from Christ's sacrifice.
Wesley's Explanatory Notes Methodist/Wesleyan 1754
Wesley sees the oil and blood as physical signs pointing to deeper spiritual realities: the blood represents Christ’s atoning sacrifice, while the oil signifies the Spirit’s renewing grace. He stresses that these ceremonial rites were meant to teach that sin lies behind all disease and to drive people to seek their true cure in Christ alone.