שָׁם (sham)
sham
there
H:AdvQuick Reference
- Language
- Biblical Hebrew
- Testament
- Old Testament
- Occurrences
- 644 verses
- Root
- —
- Part of speech
- H:Adv
Word Overview
The Hebrew word sham functions as a basic adverb meaning "there," anchoring the narrative in a specific location. It appears over six hundred times in the Old Testament, frequently marking the settings of key events in Genesis and Jeremiah. Its primary use is spatial, pointing to where an action takes place or where a person stands, such as when God establishes His presence in a particular place.
Beyond simple location, sham shifts meaning based on context. After verbs of motion, it indicates direction, translating to "thither" or "to that place." It can also denote origin, meaning "from there," or extend into time, functioning as "then" or "at that time." This flexibility allows the text to move fluidly between physical geography and historical sequence without changing the word itself.
The term’s etymological roots suggest a connection to relative pointers, linking it closely to words for "where." Translators often render it simply as "there," but its versatility carries significant weight in biblical storytelling. By using a single word for place, direction, and time, the Hebrew text creates a tight narrative flow where location and chronology are deeply intertwined.
Based on public-domain lexicons (Strong's, Thayer, Gesenius, Brown-Driver-Briggs and others).
What This Word Means for Your Faith
The word sham simply means "there." It is a basic adverb that anchors stories in specific places, marking where actions happen or where people stand. In Genesis, it often points to locations of divine encounter, such as when God appears to Abram and he builds an altar there. This simple word helps readers visualize the physical setting of biblical events.
While its primary use is spatial, sham can also indicate direction or time. After verbs of motion, it means "thither" or "to that place." In some contexts, it connects location with chronology, linking where something happens to when it happens. This flexibility allows the Hebrew text to move fluidly between geography and history.
For your faith life, this word reminds us that God meets people in real places. The biblical narrative is not abstract; it is grounded in specific locations where God's presence is felt. Whether you are reading about ancient journeys or modern challenges, remember that God cares about the details of your life and meets you where you are.
How it's translated
How this word is rendered word-by-word in the 644 verses where it appears, by frequency.
- there431×
- from/ there103×
- there/ towards68×
- there/ <towards>42×
- and/ there20×
- [was] there13×
- [is] there10×
- [are] there9×
- and/ from/ there8×
- and/ [was] there5×
- [were] there5×
- and/ there/ <towards>4×
Forms in the text
The inflected forms of this word as they appear in Scripture, by frequency.
- שָׁ֖ם93×
- שָֽׁם\׃66×
- שָׁ֔ם49×
- שָׁ֑ם41×
- שָׁם֙40×
- שָׁ֣ם38×
- שָׁ֖מָּ/ה25×
- שָׁ֥ם22×
- שָׁ֛ם21×
- מִ/שָּׁ֖ם21×
- שָֽׁמָּ/ה\׃20×
- שָׁ֔מָּ/ה15×
Key Verses
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Genesis 12:7
Yahweh appeared to Abram and said, “I will give this land to your offspring.” He built an altar there to Yahweh, who had appeared to him.
This verse marks a pivotal moment where Abram responds to God's promise by building an altar, using sham to identify the specific location of divine encounter and worship.
-
Genesis 11:9
Therefore its name was called Babel, because there Yahweh confused the language of all the earth. From there, Yahweh scattered them abroad on the surface of all the earth.
Here sham identifies Babel as the place where God confused languages, linking a physical location directly to a major historical event in human history.
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Genesis 2:8
Yahweh God planted a garden eastward, in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had formed.
The word anchors the narrative of Eden, specifying exactly where God placed the first man, establishing the setting for the opening chapters of Genesis.
-
Genesis 13:4
to the place of the altar, which he had made there at the first. There Abram called on Yahweh’s name.
Abram returns to the place of his first altar, using sham to emphasize continuity in his worship and calling on God's name at a familiar location.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the Hebrew word sham mean?
How is sham different from other words for place?
Does sham only refer to physical locations?
Why is sham important in Genesis?
Every Occurrence (644 verses across 33 books)
Genesis 84 verses
Yahweh God planted a garden eastward, in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had formed.
Genesis 2:10A river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it was parted, and became the source of four rivers.
Genesis 2:11The name of the first is Pishon: it flows through the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold;
Genesis 2:12and the gold of that land is good. Bdellium and onyx stone are also there.
Genesis 3:23Therefore Yahweh God sent him out from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from which he was taken.
Genesis 10:14Pathrusim, Casluhim (which the Philistines descended from), and Caphtorim.
Genesis 11:2As they traveled east, they found a plain in the land of Shinar, and they lived there.
Genesis 11:7Come, let’s go down, and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.”
Genesis 11:8So Yahweh scattered them abroad from there on the surface of all the earth. They stopped building the city.
Genesis 11:9Therefore its name was called Babel, because there Yahweh confused the language of all the earth. From there, Yahweh…
Genesis 11:31Terah took Abram his son, Lot the son of Haran, his son’s son, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram’s wife.…
Genesis 12:7Yahweh appeared to Abram and said, “I will give this land to your offspring.” He built an altar there to Yahweh, who…
Genesis 12:8He left from there to go to the mountain on the east of Bethel and pitched his tent, having Bethel on the west, and Ai…
Genesis 12:10There was a famine in the land. Abram went down into Egypt to live as a foreigner there, for the famine was severe in…
Genesis 13:3He went on his journeys from the South as far as Bethel, to the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between…
Genesis 13:4to the place of the altar, which he had made there at the first. There Abram called on Yahweh’s name.
Genesis 13:14Yahweh said to Abram, after Lot was separated from him, “Now, lift up your eyes, and look from the place where you are,…
Genesis 13:18Abram moved his tent, and came and lived by the oaks of Mamre, which are in Hebron, and built an altar there to Yahweh.
Genesis 14:10Now the valley of Siddim was full of tar pits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and some fell there. Those who…
Genesis 18:16The men rose up from there, and looked toward Sodom. Abraham went with them to see them on their way.
Genesis 18:22The men turned from there, and went toward Sodom, but Abraham stood yet before Yahweh.
Genesis 18:28What if there will lack five of the fifty righteous? Will you destroy all the city for lack of five?” He said, “I will…
Genesis 18:29He spoke to him yet again, and said, “What if there are forty found there?” He said, “I will not do it for the forty’s…
Genesis 18:30He said, “Oh don’t let the Lord be angry, and I will speak. What if there are thirty found there?” He said, “I will not…
Genesis 18:31He said, “See now, I have taken it on myself to speak to the Lord. What if there are twenty found there?” He said, “I…
Genesis 18:32He said, “Oh don’t let the Lord be angry, and I will speak just once more. What if ten are found there?” He said, “I…
Genesis 19:20See now, this city is near to flee to, and it is a little one. Oh let me escape there (isn’t it a little one?), and my…
Genesis 19:22Hurry, escape there, for I can’t do anything until you get there.” Therefore the name of the city was called Zoar.
Genesis 19:27Abraham went up early in the morning to the place where he had stood before Yahweh.
Genesis 20:1Abraham traveled from there toward the land of the South, and lived between Kadesh and Shur. He lived as a foreigner in…
Genesis 20:13When God caused me to wander from my father’s house, I said to her, ‘This is your kindness which you shall show to me.…
Genesis 21:17God heard the voice of the boy. The angel of God called to Hagar out of the sky, and said to her, “What troubles you,…
Genesis 21:31Therefore he called that place Beersheba, because they both swore an oath there.
Genesis 21:33Abraham planted a tamarisk tree in Beersheba, and there he called on the name of Yahweh, the Everlasting God.
Genesis 22:2He said, “Now take your son, your only son, Isaac, whom you love, and go into the land of Moriah. Offer him there as a…
Genesis 22:9They came to the place which God had told him of. Abraham built the altar there, and laid the wood in order, bound…
Genesis 23:13He spoke to Ephron in the audience of the people of the land, saying, “But if you will, please hear me. I will give the…
Genesis 24:5The servant said to him, “What if the woman isn’t willing to follow me to this land? Must I bring your son again to the…
Genesis 24:6Abraham said to him, “Beware that you don’t bring my son there again.
Genesis 24:7Yahweh, the God of heaven—who took me from my father’s house, and from the land of my birth, who spoke to me, and who…
Genesis 24:8If the woman isn’t willing to follow you, then you shall be clear from this oath to me. Only you shall not bring my son…
Genesis 25:10the field which Abraham purchased from the children of Heth. Abraham was buried there with Sarah, his wife.
Genesis 26:8When he had been there a long time, Abimelech king of the Philistines looked out at a window, and saw, and, behold,…
Genesis 26:17Isaac departed from there, encamped in the valley of Gerar, and lived there.
Genesis 26:19Isaac’s servants dug in the valley, and found there a well of flowing water.
Genesis 26:22He left that place, and dug another well. They didn’t argue over that one. So he called it Rehoboth. He said, “For now…
Genesis 26:23He went up from there to Beersheba.
Genesis 26:25He built an altar there, and called on Yahweh’s name, and pitched his tent there. There Isaac’s servants dug a well.
Genesis 27:9Go now to the flock and get me two good young goats from there. I will make them savory food for your father, such as…
Genesis 27:45until your brother’s anger turns away from you, and he forgets what you have done to him. Then I will send, and get you…
Genesis 28:2Arise, go to Paddan Aram, to the house of Bethuel your mother’s father. Take a wife from there from the daughters of…
Genesis 28:6Now Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him away to Paddan Aram, to take him a wife from there, and that as…
Genesis 28:11He came to a certain place, and stayed there all night, because the sun had set. He took one of the stones of the…
Genesis 29:2He looked, and saw a well in the field, and saw three flocks of sheep lying there by it. For out of that well they…
Genesis 29:3There all the flocks were gathered. They rolled the stone from the well’s mouth, and watered the sheep, and put the…
Genesis 30:32I will pass through all your flock today, removing from there every speckled and spotted one, and every black one among…
Genesis 31:13I am the God of Bethel, where you anointed a pillar, where you vowed a vow to me. Now arise, get out from this land,…
Genesis 31:46Jacob said to his relatives, “Gather stones.” They took stones, and made a heap. They ate there by the heap.
Genesis 33:19He bought the parcel of ground where he had spread his tent, at the hand of the children of Hamor, Shechem’s father,…
Genesis 33:20He erected an altar there, and called it El Elohe Israel.
Genesis 35:1God said to Jacob, “Arise, go up to Bethel, and live there. Make there an altar to God, who appeared to you when you…
Genesis 35:3Let’s arise, and go up to Bethel. I will make there an altar to God, who answered me in the day of my distress, and was…
Genesis 35:7He built an altar there, and called the place El Beth El; because there God was revealed to him, when he fled from the…
Genesis 35:15Jacob called the name of the place where God spoke with him “Bethel”.
Genesis 35:27Jacob came to Isaac his father, to Mamre, to Kiriath Arba (which is Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac lived as…
Genesis 38:2There, Judah saw the daughter of a certain Canaanite man named Shua. He took her, and went in to her.
Genesis 39:1Joseph was brought down to Egypt. Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh’s, the captain of the guard, an Egyptian, bought him…
Genesis 39:11About this time, he went into the house to do his work, and there were none of the men of the house inside.
Genesis 39:20Joseph’s master took him, and put him into the prison, the place where the king’s prisoners were bound, and he was…
Genesis 39:22The keeper of the prison committed to Joseph’s hand all the prisoners who were in the prison. Whatever they did there,…
Genesis 40:3He put them in custody in the house of the captain of the guard, into the prison, the place where Joseph was bound.
Genesis 41:12There was with us there a young man, a Hebrew, servant to the captain of the guard, and we told him, and he interpreted…
Genesis 42:2He said, “Behold, I have heard that there is grain in Egypt. Go down there, and buy for us from there, so that we may…
Genesis 42:26They loaded their donkeys with their grain, and departed from there.
Genesis 43:25They prepared the present for Joseph’s coming at noon, for they heard that they should eat bread there.
Genesis 43:30Joseph hurried, for his heart yearned over his brother; and he sought a place to weep. He entered into his room, and…
Genesis 44:14Judah and his brothers came to Joseph’s house, and he was still there. They fell on the ground before him.
Genesis 45:11There I will provide for you; for there are yet five years of famine; lest you come to poverty, you, and your…
Genesis 46:3He said, “I am God, the God of your father. Don’t be afraid to go down into Egypt, for there I will make of you a great…
Genesis 48:7As for me, when I came from Paddan, Rachel died beside me in the land of Canaan on the way, when there was still some…
Genesis 49:24But his bow remained strong. The arms of his hands were made strong, by the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob, (from…
Genesis 49:31There they buried Abraham and Sarah, his wife. There they buried Isaac and Rebekah, his wife, and there I buried Leah:
Genesis 50:5‘My father made me swear, saying, “Behold, I am dying. Bury me in my grave which I have dug for myself in the land of…
Genesis 50:10They came to the threshing floor of Atad, which is beyond the Jordan, and there they lamented with a very great and…