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כָּפַל (ka.phal)

ka.phal

to double

H3717 · Hebrew · Old Testament · 3 verses

H:V

Quick Reference

Language
Biblical Hebrew
Testament
Old Testament
Occurrences
3 verses
Root
—
Part of speech
H:V

Word Overview

The Hebrew verb kaphal means to double or fold something over itself. It appears only three times in the Old Testament, making it a rare word with very specific applications. In Exodus 26:13, Moses is instructed to double over the sixth curtain of the tabernacle so that it hangs down to the ground. Here, the action is practical and physical, ensuring the sacred tent’s structure is secure and properly formed.

A second occurrence in Exodus 28:32 describes the opening for the head in the priestly ephod, noting it has a woven edge to prevent tearing. While some translations suggest this implies doubling the fabric around the neckhole for strength, the exact nuance remains debated among scholars. The third instance, found in Judges 8:21, uses the word metaphorically when Gideon asks if the kings of Midian have been killed; the phrasing suggests their bodies were doubled over or cut down, though this usage is less common and somewhat ambiguous.

This word highlights how physical actions like folding could carry symbolic weight in ancient Israelite worship. By doubling materials, the builders ensured durability and order in sacred spaces. The rarity of kaphal underscores its specialized role, reserved for moments where precision and reinforcement mattered most.

Based on public-domain lexicons (Strong's, Thayer, Gesenius, Brown-Driver-Briggs and others).

What This Word Means for Your Faith

When God gave instructions for the tabernacle, He did not leave room for guesswork. The command to double the fabric was not merely about saving material or adding extra weight. It was a physical act of reinforcement, ensuring that the sacred space remained secure and orderly against the elements. This attention to detail shows that God cares about the stability of His dwelling place among His people.

We see this same principle in the priestly garments. The breastplate was folded double, creating a layer of strength where it mattered most. In a world that often feels unstable, this image reminds us that God builds with durability in mind. He prepares things to last, using layers of care and precision to protect what is holy.

For your faith, this offers a quiet comfort. Just as the tabernacle was strengthened by folding, your spiritual life is built on foundations that are reinforced by His grace. You do not have to rely on thin or fragile hopes. God’s work in you is substantial, layered with purpose, and designed to endure.

How it's translated

How this word is rendered word-by-word in the 3 verses where it appears, by frequency.

  • folded double3×
  • and/ you will fold double1×

Forms in the text

The inflected forms of this word as they appear in Scripture, by frequency.

  • כָּפֽוּל\׃1×
  • כָּפ֖וּל1×
  • כָּפ֑וּל1×
  • וְ/כָפַלְתָּ֙1×

Key Verses

  • Exodus 26:9
    You shall couple five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by themselves, and shall double over the sixth curtain in the forefront of the tent.

    This verse shows the practical application of doubling the curtain to ensure the tent's structure was secure and properly formed.

  • Exodus 28:16
    It shall be square and folded double; a span shall be its length, and a span its width.

    Here the folding creates a square shape that is doubled, emphasizing the precision and symmetry required for the priestly ephod.

  • Exodus 39:9
    It was square. They made the breastplate double. Its length was a span, and its width a span, being double.

    The breastplate is described as being made double, highlighting the specific craftsmanship used to reinforce this sacred garment.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the Hebrew word kaphal mean?

Kaphal means to double, fold, or bend something over itself. It is a rare verb appearing only three times in the Old Testament, primarily describing physical actions like folding fabric for strength or structure.

Where does kaphal appear in the Bible?

It appears in Exodus 26:9 regarding the tabernacle curtains, and twice in Exodus 28 and 39 concerning the priestly ephod and breastplate. These instances focus on the construction of sacred items.

Why was it important to double the fabric in the tabernacle?

Doubling the fabric provided extra durability and protection for the tabernacle. It ensured that the sacred tent could withstand wear and tear, reflecting the care God placed in preparing a dwelling place for His presence.

Every Occurrence (3 verses across 1 books)

Exodus 3 verses
Exodus 26:9

You shall couple five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by themselves, and shall double over the sixth curtain…

Exodus 28:16

It shall be square and folded double; a span shall be its length, and a span its width.

Exodus 39:9

It was square. They made the breastplate double. Its length was a span, and its width a span, being double.