דִּי (di)
di
that
A:PartQuick Reference
- Language
- Biblical Hebrew
- Testament
- Old Testament
- Occurrences
- 141 verses
- Root
- —
- Part of speech
- A:Part
Word Overview
The Aramaic word di functions primarily as a relative pronoun, translating to "who," "which," or "that." It serves as the equivalent of the Hebrew she-, linking clauses and identifying people or things. In the books of Daniel and Ezra, where much of the text is written in Aramaic, this term appears frequently to connect ideas, such as when describing the king’s dream in Daniel 2:9 or the lineage recorded in Ezra 4:10.
Beyond simple reference, di often acts as a conjunction meaning "that" or "because," introducing explanations or results. It also marks possession, similar to an English genitive, appearing in phrases like "whose habitation" in Daniel 2:11. Its versatility allows it to function with prepositions to create adverbial phrases, enabling the text to express complex relationships between actions and their causes or contexts.
This particle is distinct from Hebrew relative forms, reflecting the linguistic shift in the exile period. Translators must choose carefully based on context, rendering it as "that" for causality or "who/which" for identification. Its presence signals the Aramaic sections of Scripture, grounding the narrative in the imperial language of the time while maintaining theological continuity with Hebrew texts.
Based on public-domain lexicons (Strong's, Thayer, Gesenius, Brown-Driver-Briggs and others).
What This Word Means for Your Faith
The word di connects people and events in the ancient text, acting as a bridge between the past and the present. In the books of Ezra and Daniel, it helps readers follow the lineage of leaders or understand the reasons behind royal decrees. This grammatical tool ensures that the narrative flows clearly, showing how God’s people remained connected to their history even while living in foreign lands.
For your faith today, this word reminds us that our lives are part of a larger story. Just as di links clauses to form complete thoughts, your daily experiences connect to the broader work of God. When you read about the Jews rebuilding the temple or Daniel interpreting dreams, you see how God remains faithful across generations. This continuity offers comfort, knowing that the same God who guided them is present with you now.
How it's translated
How this word is rendered word-by-word in the 141 verses where it appears, by frequency.
- that76×
- which71×
- of63×
- who33×
- whom9×
- and/ whom3×
- and/ that2×
- where1×
- like/ that1×
- as/ that1×
- and/ as/ that1×
- and/ [one] who1×
Forms in the text
The inflected forms of this word as they appear in Scripture, by frequency.
- דִּֽי\־58×
- דִּ֣י58×
- דִּ֥י45×
- דִּי\־19×
- דִֽי\־16×
- דִּ֚י14×
- דִּ֤י10×
- דִּ֠י5×
- וְ/דִֽי\־4×
- דִּי֩4×
- דִּ֧י4×
- דִּ֛י4×
Key Verses
-
Ezra 4:12
Be it known to the king that the Jews who came up from you have come to us to Jerusalem. They are building the rebellious and bad city, and have finished the walls and repaired the foundations.
This occurrence identifies the specific group of Jews whose actions prompted the king’s concern, linking their identity to the political tension.
-
Ezra 5:11
Thus they returned us answer, saying, “We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth and are building the house that was built these many years ago, which a great king of Israel built and finished.
Here it introduces the servants’ declaration of faith, connecting their current work directly to the God of heaven and earth.
-
Ezra 4:15
that search may be made in the book of the records of your fathers. You will see in the book of the records, and know that this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful to kings and provinces, and that they have started rebellions within it in the past. That is why this city was destroyed.
The word functions causally here, explaining that the search was ordered because the records showed a pattern of rebellion.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the Hebrew word di mean?
Why is di important in the book of Ezra?
How is di different from Hebrew relative words?
Every Occurrence (141 verses across 3 books)
Ezra 54 verses
and the rest of the nations whom the great and noble Osnappar brought over and settled in the city of Samaria, and in…
Ezra 4:11This is the copy of the letter that they sent: To King Artaxerxes, from your servants, the people beyond the River.
Ezra 4:12Be it known to the king that the Jews who came up from you have come to us to Jerusalem. They are building the…
Ezra 4:13Be it known now to the king that if this city is built and the walls finished, they will not pay tribute, custom, or…
Ezra 4:14Now because we eat the salt of the palace and it is not appropriate for us to see the king’s dishonor, therefore we…
Ezra 4:15that search may be made in the book of the records of your fathers. You will see in the book of the records, and know…
Ezra 4:16We inform the king that if this city is built and the walls finished, then you will have no possession beyond the River.
Ezra 4:17Then the king sent an answer to Rehum the chancellor, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions…
Ezra 4:18The letter which you sent to us has been plainly read before me.
Ezra 4:19I decreed, and search has been made, and it was found that this city has made insurrection against kings in the past,…
Ezra 4:23Then when the copy of King Artaxerxes’ letter was read before Rehum, Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they…
Ezra 4:24Then work stopped on God’s house which is at Jerusalem. It stopped until the second year of the reign of Darius king of…
Ezra 5:1Now the prophets, Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo, prophesied to the Jews who were in Judah and…
Ezra 5:2Then Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua the son of Jozadak rose up and began to build God’s house which is at…
Ezra 5:4They also asked for the names of the men who were making this building.
Ezra 5:6The copy of the letter that Tattenai, the governor beyond the River, and Shetharbozenai, and his companions the…
Ezra 5:8Be it known to the king that we went into the province of Judah, to the house of the great God, which is being built…
Ezra 5:10We asked them their names also, to inform you that we might write the names of the men who were at their head.
Ezra 5:11Thus they returned us answer, saying, “We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth and are building the house…
Ezra 5:12But after our fathers had provoked the God of heaven to wrath, he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of…
Ezra 5:13But in the first year of Cyrus king of Babylon, Cyrus the king made a decree to build this house of God.
Ezra 5:14The gold and silver vessels of God’s house, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple that was in Jerusalem and…
Ezra 5:15He said to him, ‘Take these vessels, go, put them in the temple that is in Jerusalem, and let God’s house be built in…
Ezra 5:16Then the same Sheshbazzar came and laid the foundations of God’s house which is in Jerusalem. Since that time even…
Ezra 5:17Now therefore, if it seems good to the king, let a search be made in the king’s treasure house, which is there at…
Ezra 6:1Then Darius the king made a decree, and the house of the archives, where the treasures were laid up in Babylon, was…
Ezra 6:2A scroll was found at Achmetha, in the palace that is in the province of Media, and in it this was written for a record:
Ezra 6:3In the first year of Cyrus the king, Cyrus the king made a decree: Concerning God’s house at Jerusalem, let the house…
Ezra 6:4with three courses of great stones and a course of new timber. Let the expenses be given out of the king’s house.
Ezra 6:5Also let the gold and silver vessels of God’s house, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple which is at Jerusalem…
Ezra 6:6Now therefore, Tattenai, governor beyond the River, Shetharbozenai, and your companions the Apharsachites, who are…
Ezra 6:8Moreover I make a decree regarding what you shall do for these elders of the Jews for the building of this house of…
Ezra 6:9That which they have need of, including young bulls, rams, and lambs, for burnt offerings to the God of heaven; also…
Ezra 6:10that they may offer sacrifices of pleasant aroma to the God of heaven, and pray for the life of the king and of his…
Ezra 6:11I have also made a decree that whoever alters this message, let a beam be pulled out from his house, and let him be…
Ezra 6:12May the God who has caused his name to dwell there overthrow all kings and peoples who stretch out their hand to alter…
Ezra 6:13Then Tattenai, the governor beyond the River, Shetharbozenai, and their companions did accordingly with all diligence,…
Ezra 6:15This house was finished on the third day of the month Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king.
Ezra 6:18They set the priests in their divisions and the Levites in their courses, for the service of God which is at Jerusalem,…
Ezra 7:12Artaxerxes, king of kings, To Ezra the priest, the scribe of the law of the perfect God of heaven. Now
Ezra 7:13I make a decree that all those of the people of Israel and their priests and the Levites in my realm, who intend of…
Ezra 7:14Because you are sent by the king and his seven counselors to inquire concerning Judah and Jerusalem, according to the…
Ezra 7:15and to carry the silver and gold, which the king and his counselors have freely offered to the God of Israel, whose…
Ezra 7:16and all the silver and gold that you will find in all the province of Babylon, with the free will offering of the…
Ezra 7:17Therefore you shall with all diligence buy with this money bulls, rams, and lambs with their meal offerings and their…
Ezra 7:18Whatever seems good to you and to your brothers to do with the rest of the silver and the gold, do that according to…
Ezra 7:19The vessels that are given to you for the service of the house of your God, deliver before the God of Jerusalem.
Ezra 7:20Whatever more will be needed for the house of your God, which you may have occasion to give, give it out of the king’s…
Ezra 7:21I, even I, Artaxerxes the king, make a decree to all the treasurers who are beyond the River, that whatever Ezra the…
Ezra 7:22up to one hundred talents of silver, and to one hundred cors of wheat, and to one hundred baths of wine, and to one…
Ezra 7:23Whatever is commanded by the God of heaven, let it be done exactly for the house of the God of heaven; for why should…
Ezra 7:24Also we inform you that it shall not be lawful to impose tribute, custom, or toll on any of the priests, Levites,…
Ezra 7:25You, Ezra, according to the wisdom of your God that is in your hand, appoint magistrates and judges who may judge all…
Ezra 7:26Whoever will not do the law of your God and the law of the king, let judgment be executed on him with all diligence,…