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κόσμος (kosmos)

kosmos

world

G2889 · Greek · New Testament · 152 verses

Quick Reference

Language
Koine Greek
Testament
New Testament
Occurrences
152 verses
Root
—

Word Overview

The Greek word kosmos originally denoted an orderly arrangement or decoration, such as the stars set in the sky or a woman’s jewelry (1 Peter 3:3). This sense of "adornment" evolved to describe the universe as a harmonious system, reflecting its creation. In the New Testament, it frequently refers simply to the physical earth and its inhabitants, as when Jesus speaks of the gospel reaching all people (John 4:42; Matthew 5:14).

However, John’s Gospel and First Epistle give the word a distinct theological weight. Here, kosmos often describes humanity in rebellion against God, captivated by worldly desires rather than divine truth (1 John 2:15-17). This usage highlights a spiritual conflict: while God loves the world enough to save it (John 3:16), he remains hostile to his creator unless transformed. The term thus captures both the scope of God’s mission and the resistance of a fallen system.

Based on public-domain lexicons (Strong's, Thayer, Gesenius, Brown-Driver-Briggs and others).

What This Word Means for Your Faith

The word kosmos carries a beautiful tension in Scripture. It can mean the physical earth, the stars above, and every person living on it. When Jesus says God loved the world, He means every human being, regardless of background or status. This reminds us that our faith is not meant to be hidden away but shared with everyone we meet.

At the same time, the word describes a system of values that opposes God’s truth. It is easy to feel pulled toward what this world offers—status, comfort, or immediate gratification. Yet the Bible invites us to look deeper. We are called to live in the world without being controlled by its fleeting desires. This balance allows us to engage with others compassionately while keeping our hearts anchored in eternal hope.

How it's translated

How this word is rendered word-by-word in the 152 verses where it appears, by frequency.

  • world106×
  • world.23×
  • world,21×
  • world;8×
  • of [the] world6×
  • [the] world5×
  • [the] world,4×
  • of [the] world.3×
  • of [the] world,3×
  • world?2×
  • world:1×
  • to [the] world.1×

Forms in the text

The inflected forms of this word as they appear in Scripture, by frequency.

  • κόσμου49×
  • κόσμος26×
  • κόσμον25×
  • κόσμῳ18×
  • κόσμῳ,10×
  • κόσμον,10×
  • κόσμου.9×
  • κόσμου,9×
  • κόσμῳ.5×
  • κόσμον.5×
  • κόσμου.¶3×
  • κόσμον.¶3×

Key Verses

  • John 3:16
    For God so loved the world, that he gave his only born Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish, but have eternal life.

    This verse defines the scope of God’s love, showing that 'world' refers to all humanity, not just a select group.

  • Matthew 5:14
    “You are the light of the world. A city located on a hill can’t be hidden.

    Here Jesus uses 'world' to describe the visible community where believers are called to shine with light.

  • John 1:10
    He was in the world, and the world was made through him, and the world didn’t recognize him.

    This occurrence highlights the tragedy of the world's rejection of its Creator despite being made through Him.

  • Matthew 16:26
    For what will it profit a man if he gains the whole world and forfeits his life? Or what will a man give in exchange for his life?

    Jesus contrasts gaining the entire physical world with losing one’s soul, emphasizing eternal value over temporary gain.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does kosmos mean in John 3:16?

In this verse, kosmos refers to all people on earth. It shows that God’s love is universal and not limited by nationality or status. This usage encourages believers to see everyone as someone God cares about deeply.

Is the world always bad in the Bible?

No, the meaning changes based on context. Sometimes it means the beautiful creation God made (John 1:10). Other times it describes human rebellion against God (1 John 2:15). Christians are called to love people while resisting sinful systems.

How is kosmos different from ge?

Ge usually means the physical ground or a specific piece of land. Kosmos has a broader meaning, often including people, culture, and the entire inhabited earth. It carries more theological weight regarding human society.

Why does Jesus say we are the light of the world?

In Matthew 5:14, Jesus uses kosmos to describe the visible community around us. He wants His followers to reflect His character clearly so that others can see God’s goodness through their actions.

Every Occurrence (152 verses across 20 books)

Matthew 9 verses
Mark 3 verses
Luke 3 verses
John 58 verses
Acts 1 verse
Romans 9 verses
I Corinthians 17 verses
II Corinthians 3 verses
Galatians 2 verses
Ephesians 3 verses
Philippians 1 verse
Colossians 3 verses
I Timothy 3 verses
Hebrews 5 verses
James 4 verses
I Peter 3 verses
II Peter 4 verses
I John 17 verses
II John 1 verse
Revelation of John 3 verses