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סָחַר (sa.char)

sa.char

to trade

H5503 · Hebrew · Old Testament · 13 verses

H:V

Quick Reference

Language
Biblical Hebrew
Testament
Old Testament
Occurrences
13 verses
Root
—
Part of speech
H:V

Word Overview

The Hebrew verb sachar describes the physical act of moving about in order to conduct business. It literally means "to go around" or "to travel," but in Scripture it specifically refers to going from place to place for trade. This usage highlights that ancient commerce was not a static activity confined to one shop; it required mobility, effort, and the willingness to traverse distances to find goods and customers.

Its most vivid application appears as a participle meaning "trader" or "merchant." In Isaiah 23:8, Tyre is called a "crown of traders," emphasizing that the city’s identity and wealth were built on this constant movement of people and goods. The word captures the dynamic nature of market life, where value is created through exchange across borders.

Though rare in the Old Testament, appearing only thirteen times, its root sense remains clear: trade is a journey. It is not merely an exchange of money for items, but a physical engagement with the world. This perspective reminds readers that commerce involves risk, travel, and human interaction, grounding economic activity in real, geographical movement.

Based on public-domain lexicons (Strong's, Thayer, Gesenius, Brown-Driver-Briggs and others).

What This Word Means for Your Faith

The Hebrew word sachar paints a picture of commerce as an active journey. It describes the physical movement required to trade, reminding us that business in ancient times was not a static transaction but a dynamic engagement with the world. This mobility involved risk, effort, and the willingness to traverse distances to find goods and customers. When we read about traders going from place to place, we see that economic activity is grounded in real, geographical movement and human interaction.

In Isaiah 23:8, Tyre is described as a city whose traders are princes, highlighting how this constant movement built wealth and identity. Similarly, Proverbs 31:14 compares the capable woman to merchant ships bringing bread from afar. These images show that value is often created through exchange across borders. The word encourages us to view our work and resources not just as possessions, but as tools for provision and connection with others.

Understanding this term helps us appreciate the diligence involved in providing for our needs. It reflects a world where people traveled to meet one another, fostering relationships alongside exchanges of goods. This perspective invites us to see our daily efforts and interactions as part of a larger story of provision and community.

How it's translated

How this word is rendered word-by-word in the 13 verses where it appears, by frequency.

  • [the] traders of2×
  • you will go about in1×
  • traders/ your1×
  • traders/ its1×
  • traders1×
  • to the/ trader1×
  • they have gone about1×
  • and/ the/ traders1×
  • and/ let them go about in1×
  • and/ go about in/ it1×
  • a trader1×
  • [the] trader of1×

Forms in the text

The inflected forms of this word as they appear in Scripture, by frequency.

  • סֹחֲרֵ֣י2×
  • תִּסְחָֽרוּ\׃1×
  • סוֹחֵ֑ר1×
  • סֹחֵ֥ר1×
  • סֹחֲרַ֣יִ/ךְ1×
  • סֹחֲרֶ֙י/ה֙1×
  • סֹֽחֲרִ֗ים1×
  • סָחֲר֥וּ1×
  • לַ/סֹּחֵֽר\׃1×
  • וּ/סְחָר֔וּ/הָ1×
  • וְ/יִסְחֲר֣וּ1×
  • וְ/הַ/סֹּחֲרִ֖ים1×

Key Verses

  • Isaiah 23:8
    Who has planned this against Tyre, the giver of crowns, whose merchants are princes, whose traders are the honorable of the earth?

    This verse uses the participle form to describe Tyre's traders as princes, emphasizing that the city's identity and wealth were built on this constant movement of people and goods.

  • Proverbs 31:14
    She is like the merchant ships. She brings her bread from afar.

    The capable woman is compared to merchant ships, illustrating how she actively brings provision from afar through diligent effort.

  • Genesis 37:28
    Midianites who were merchants passed by, and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver. The merchants brought Joseph into Egypt.

    Midianite merchants are shown moving Joseph out of the pit, highlighting the physical mobility and risk inherent in ancient trade routes.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the Hebrew word sachar mean?

Sachar literally means to go around or travel, but in Scripture it specifically refers to going from place to place for trade. It captures the dynamic nature of market life where value is created through exchange across borders.

How is sachar different from other words for buying or selling?

While other terms focus on the transaction itself, sachar emphasizes the physical movement and effort required to conduct business. It highlights that ancient commerce involved traveling to find goods and customers, not just exchanging items in one place.

Where does this word appear in the Bible?

It appears in 13 verses, including Genesis 34:10 where people are invited to live and trade in the land, and Isaiah 23:8 where Tyre's traders are described as princes. It is also used in Proverbs 31:14 to describe the capable woman’s provision.

Every Occurrence (13 verses across 6 books)