כֻּתֹּ֫נֶת (ke.to.net)

The noun kethonet refers to a tunic, an undergarment that served as the primary layer of clothing for ancient Israelites. Typically made of linen and reaching down to the knees or ankles, it functioned much like a long shirt worn next to the skin. This basic article of dress was common to both men and women, appearing frequently in narratives about daily life and priestly duties.

Its etymology is uncertain, though some scholars suggest a link to words for flax or linen, while others derive it from a root meaning "to cover." The word carries significant narrative weight in Genesis. When Joseph’s brothers tear his kethonet and present it to their father, the garment becomes a symbol of loss and deception (Genesis 37:31-33). Conversely, when God clothes Adam and Eve after the fall, He provides tunics of skin, marking a shift from shame to divine provision (Genesis 3:21).

In the priesthood, the kethonet held ritual importance. The high priest wore a special linen tunic during sacred services, such as on the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:4). This specific garment was so holy that it could not be worn outside the sanctuary; if it became defiled or torn, it had to be left there and replaced (Leviticus 10:5). Thus, the word describes both ordinary daily wear and specialized sacred vestments.