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σωφρονέω (sōphroneō)

sōphroneō

be of sound mind

G4993 · Greek · New Testament · 6 verses

Quick Reference

Language
Koine Greek
Testament
New Testament
Occurrences
6 verses
Root
—

Word Overview

The verb sōphroneō describes a state of being "of sound mind," combining ideas of health and mental clarity. In the Gospels, it appears when Jesus casts out a demon from a man who then sits calmly at the feet of the Lord (Mark 5:15; Luke 8:35). This usage highlights a return to rational stability after chaos, contrasting sharply with being "out of one's mind." The word suggests that true sanity involves self-possession and freedom from destructive passions.

Beyond mental health, sōphroneō carries the weight of temperance and self-control. Paul uses it in Romans 12:3 to urge believers not to think too highly of themselves, but to exercise sober judgment about their own abilities. This links the concept of a healthy mind with humility and discipline. The term often appears alongside "sober-mindedness" or "self-control," as seen in Peter’s exhortation to be watchful (1 Peter 4:7) and Paul’s instruction for younger men to be self-controlled (Titus 2:6). It represents a balanced, disciplined life guided by reason rather than impulse.

Based on public-domain lexicons (Strong's, Thayer, Gesenius, Brown-Driver-Briggs and others).

What This Word Means for Your Faith

The Greek word sōphroneō invites us to consider what it means to have a healthy mind. In the Gospels, we see this vividly when Jesus restores a man possessed by demons. The crowd finds him sitting calmly, clothed and in his right mind. This shift from chaos to clarity shows that true sanity is not just the absence of illness, but the presence of peace and self-possession.

Paul extends this idea beyond mental health into our daily conduct. In Romans, he urges believers to think with sober judgment, avoiding both arrogance and false humility. He suggests that a sound mind recognizes the gifts God has given us and uses them with discipline. This balance helps us navigate life’s demands without being swept away by impulse or pride.

When we seek this kind of mental clarity, we are asking for a gift that aligns our thoughts with God’s reality. It is a call to live with intention, grounded in grace rather than driven by fear or ego. May you find strength in this steady, clear-minded approach to your daily walk.

How it's translated

How this word is rendered word-by-word in the 6 verses where it appears, by frequency.

  • we are sober-minded1×
  • to be sober-minded,1×
  • to be self-controlled,1×
  • sound minded,1×
  • do be clear-minded1×
  • being of sound mind1×

Forms in the text

The inflected forms of this word as they appear in Scripture, by frequency.

  • σωφρονεῖν,2×
  • σωφρονήσατε1×
  • σωφρονοῦντα,1×
  • σωφρονοῦντα1×
  • σωφρονοῦμεν,1×

Key Verses

  • Mark 5:15
    They came to Jesus, and saw him who had been possessed by demons sitting, clothed, and in his right mind, even him who had the legion; and they were afraid.

    This verse provides the most vivid picture of the word, showing a man transformed from chaotic possession to calm, rational stability at Jesus' feet.

  • Romans 12:3
    For I say through the grace that was given me, to everyone who is among you, not to think of yourself more highly than you ought to think; but to think reasonably, as God has apportioned to each person a measure of faith.

    Here Paul applies the term to spiritual humility, instructing believers to exercise sober judgment about their own abilities rather than thinking too highly of themselves.

  • I Peter 4:7
    But the end of all things is near. Therefore be of sound mind, self-controlled, and sober in prayer.

    Peter links being of sound mind directly to self-control and prayerful watchfulness as the end of all things draws near.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does sōphroneō mean in the New Testament?

It literally means 'to have a sound mind' and implies a state of mental health, self-control, and rational stability. It is often used to describe freedom from chaotic passions or demonic influence, as well as the disciplined judgment required for Christian living.

How is sōphroneō different from general intelligence?

While intelligence refers to cognitive ability, sōphroneō focuses on moral and emotional regulation. It describes a mind that is not ruled by impulse or pride but is instead guided by reason and spiritual discernment.

Where does this word appear in the Bible?

It appears six times in the New Testament, including in Mark 5:15 and Luke 8:35 where it describes a demon-possessed man restored to sanity. It also appears in pastoral epistles like Titus 2:6 and 1 Peter 4:7 as an exhortation for believers.

Every Occurrence (6 verses across 6 books)

Mark 1 verse
Luke 1 verse
Romans 1 verse
II Corinthians 1 verse
Titus 1 verse
I Peter 1 verse