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σπέρμα (sperma)

sperma

seed: offspring

G4690 · Greek · New Testament · 40 verses

Quick Reference

Language
Koine Greek
Testament
New Testament
Occurrences
40 verses
Root
—

Word Overview

The Greek word sperma denotes seed in both its literal and metaphorical senses. In the Gospels, Jesus uses it to describe agricultural growth, such as the mustard seed’s small beginning that becomes a large shrub (Mark 4:31) or the wheat sown in a field (Matthew 13:24). This concrete image grounds his teaching in familiar rural life, where a tiny kernel holds the potential for abundant harvest.

Beyond botany, the term frequently refers to human offspring and lineage. It appears in discussions of family history, such as when Jesus is identified as coming from the line of David (Romans 1:3) or when Paul argues that believers are Abraham’s spiritual children through faith (Galatians 3:29). The word bridges physical descent and theological identity, showing how ancient concepts of ancestry carried deep religious weight.

A notable distinction arises in Galatians 3:16, where Paul highlights the singular form of sperma to refer specifically to Christ. While the plural often denotes many descendants, the singular points to one central figure who fulfills the promise. This grammatical nuance allows a single word to carry both collective heritage and individual fulfillment.

Based on public-domain lexicons (Strong's, Thayer, Gesenius, Brown-Driver-Briggs and others).

What This Word Means for Your Faith

The word sperma connects the smallest physical beginnings with the largest spiritual promises. In Jesus’ parables, a tiny mustard seed grows into a shelter for many birds, showing how God’s Kingdom starts small but holds vast potential. This image invites you to trust that your own small acts of faith or kindness are not wasted, but are part of a larger, growing reality.

Beyond agriculture, the term describes lineage and identity. It reminds us that we belong to a long story of promise, from Abraham to Christ. Whether you view this as physical ancestry or spiritual heritage, the word assures us that God’s commitments endure across generations. You are part of a family defined not by blood alone, but by shared hope and faith.

How it's translated

How this word is rendered word-by-word in the 40 verses where it appears, by frequency.

  • seed21×
  • offspring.3×
  • descendants3×
  • seeds2×
  • seed,2×
  • offspring2×
  • to seeds1×
  • seeds,1×
  • seed.1×
  • offspring;1×
  • of seed1×
  • descendants,1×

Forms in the text

The inflected forms of this word as they appear in Scripture, by frequency.

  • σπέρμα17×
  • σπέρματος8×
  • σπέρματι4×
  • σπέρμα.4×
  • σπέρματί2×
  • σπέρμα,2×
  • σπερμάτων2×
  • σπέρματι,1×
  • σπέρμασιν1×
  • σπέρμα·1×
  • σπερμάτων,1×

Key Verses

  • Matthew 13:32
    which indeed is smaller than all seeds. But when it is grown, it is greater than the herbs and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and lodge in its branches.”

    This verse uses the word to illustrate how the Kingdom of Heaven begins with something seemingly insignificant yet grows into a place of shelter and growth.

  • Romans 4:16
    For this cause it is of faith, that it may be according to grace, to the end that the promise may be sure to all the offspring, not to that only which is of the law, but to that also which is of the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all.

    Paul expands the meaning here, showing that the promise extends to all who share Abraham’s faith, not just those bound by legal requirements.

  • John 7:42
    Hasn’t the Scripture said that the Christ comes of the offspring of David, and from Bethlehem, the village where David was?”

    This occurrence ties the Messiah’s identity directly to the specific lineage of David, grounding theological claims in historical descent.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the Greek word sperma mean?

Sperma primarily means seed, referring to both plant seeds and human offspring. In the New Testament, it bridges agricultural imagery with discussions of family lineage and spiritual inheritance.

How is sperma used in the Gospels?

Jesus uses the word in parables, such as the mustard seed in Matthew 13:32, to describe the growth of the Kingdom of Heaven. He also references it when discussing family obligations in legal debates.

Does sperma refer only to biological children?

No. While it often means physical descendants, Paul uses it to describe spiritual heirs who share Abraham’s faith, as seen in Romans 4:16. It can denote both biological lineage and covenantal belonging.

Every Occurrence (40 verses across 13 books)