πείθω (peithō)

The verb peithō describes the act of persuading someone through argument, moving them to believe or take action. In the New Testament, it appears frequently in Acts and Paul’s letters, often depicting believers trying to win others over or leaders seeking to influence crowds. For instance, Paul argues with Jews in synagogues (Acts 18:4), while Roman officials attempt to persuade a prisoner to deny his faith (Matthew 27:20). The word captures the effort of winning someone’s favor or agreement through reasoned speech.

A distinct feature of peithō is its shift in meaning when used in the perfect tense, specifically as pepitha. Here, it no longer means to persuade others but to trust or have confidence oneself. This change reflects an inward certainty rather than outward effort. Paul uses this sense when he expresses confidence in God’s work among the Philippians (Philippians 1:6) and when he relies on the Lord’s help (Philippians 2:24). The transition from active persuasion to passive trust highlights a movement from external influence to internal assurance.

Translators often render peithō as "believe" in its passive form, emphasizing the result of being convinced. This usage connects closely with faith, as seen when people are persuaded by the message preached (Acts 17:4). The word’s range extends from simple agreement to deep reliance, showing how persuasion can lead to both intellectual assent and personal trust. Its versatility allows it to cover the full spectrum of human response, from initial hearing to firm conviction.