ἱμάτιον (himation)

The noun himation refers to the outer garment worn by people in the ancient world, typically a large cloak or mantle draped over an inner tunic called the chiton. While its form is technically a diminutive of the word for "garment," usage in both the Septuagint and the New Testament consistently distinguishes it as the primary outer layer that provided warmth and modesty. In everyday life, this was the piece of clothing most likely to be given away or taken, as seen when Jesus instructs listeners to offer their cloak along with their tunic (Matthew 5:40).

Its theological weight often emerges in moments of vulnerability or authority. The word describes the robe Jesus wore at his crucifixion, which soldiers cast lots for because it was seamless and woven in one piece (John 19:23). It also appears when Peter is released from prison, described as wearing his outer garment before going to the house of prayer (Acts 12:8), marking a transition from confinement to freedom. Translators render this term variously as cloak, garment, or robe depending on context.

Historical papyri confirm that the himation was distinct from the inner undergarment, often made of finer wool and serving as a symbol of status or dignity. When used in the plural, it simply means "clothes" generally, encompassing both the tunic and the cloak together. This distinction helps readers understand why giving up one's himation represented a significant sacrifice, leaving a person exposed to the elements.