ἐπιγινώσκω (epiginōskō)

The verb epiginōskō means to come to know something or someone thoroughly, often through direct observation or specific attention. While it shares a root with the common word for "know" (ginōskō), the prefix epi adds a directional force: knowing upon a particular mark or object. This suggests that the knowledge is not just general awareness, but a focused recognition that leads to full acquaintance.

In the New Testament, this word frequently appears in contexts where identity or truth is being ascertained through evidence. For example, in Matthew 7:16 and 20, Jesus teaches that trees are recognized by their fruit, using epiginōskō to describe how character becomes visible through action. Similarly, in Luke 1:4, the purpose of writing is so that Theophilus may know with certainty the facts he has been taught, highlighting a move from hearsay to verified understanding.

The sources note that this verb often implies a process of discovery or discernment rather than static possession of information. In Acts 25:10, Paul says he stands at Caesar’s tribunal where he ought to be judged, using the word to indicate his readiness to be examined and known in truth. It also appears in 1 Corinthians 13:12, where Paul contrasts our current partial knowledge with the future state of being fully known by God, emphasizing a relational depth that goes beyond mere intellectual assent.